Why Must You Be Governed?

NOS4A2 October 15, 2022 at 16:21 7475 views 223 comments
Remembering what Proudhon said skews me toward a certain outlook in regards to being governed:

“To be GOVERNED is to be watched, inspected, spied upon, directed, law-driven, numbered, regulated, enrolled, indoctrinated, preached at, controlled, checked, estimated, valued, censured, commanded, by creatures who have neither the right nor the wisdom nor the virtue to do so. To be GOVERNED is to be at every operation, at every transaction noted, registered, counted, taxed, stamped, measured, numbered, assessed, licensed, authorized, admonished, prevented, forbidden, reformed, corrected, punished. It is, under pretext of public utility, and in the name of the general interest, to be placed under contribution, drilled, fleeced, exploited, monopolized, extorted from, squeezed, hoaxed, robbed; then, at the slightest resistance, the first word of complaint, to be repressed, fined, vilified, harassed, hunted down, abused, clubbed, disarmed, bound, choked, imprisoned, judged, condemned, shot, deported, sacrificed, sold, betrayed; and to crown all, mocked, ridiculed, derided, outraged, dishonored. That is government; that is its justice; that is its morality.”

General Idea of the Revolution in the 19th Century


If I could choose to be governed or not, I would prefer to be without all of the above. I say this because, as an adult, I do not require the paternal authority of other men to get through the day. Having been weened I believe I can operate and cooperate without the looming threat of State violence and appropriation dictating the bounds of right and wrong action.

Statism implies the opposite, that to be governed is required. And because statism is regnant, one can assume that most people require such an intervening institution to impinge on their lives in such a manner. Perhaps they need the Law to show them right from wrong, to teach them how to interact with others. Perhaps they need other people’s wealth to subsidize and furnish their existence. Perhaps the State is all that holds them from returning to some state of nature, like beasts. This bothers me because if the State were to collapse tomorrow, it is those that need to be governed that the rest of us would have to watch out for.

Maybe I’m missing something, so the question remains. Why must you be governed?

Comments (223)

Mikie October 15, 2022 at 16:45 #748604
Says the Trump-supporting corporatist. :yawn:
NOS4A2 October 15, 2022 at 16:50 #748606
The authoritarian statist barks but cannot provide an answer.
schopenhauer1 October 15, 2022 at 17:04 #748609
Quoting NOS4A2
Why must you be governed?


Because nothing happens in a vacuum. Political development is tied in with historical development. We were never in a "state of nature" that is a thought experiment. Rather, we always had communities of a variety of cultural practices. You might say from one perspective that the Native American tribes were "free".. But then you take a closer look and realize that there were immensely restrictive practices on what one can do or not do without becoming an outcast, etc. So have humans ever lived "free" from their fellow man? I'd say no.

So in this "modern" time, we have states that developed due to peculiarities of kingdoms of European conflicts, feudalism giving way to mercantilism, colonization, and the idea of nation united under language and culture rather than religion or territory. But within this current system, states developed as a result of a king uniting various territories or (mainly) Western European countries carving out territories from tribes or previous empires. Within these kingships and colonies, feudal lords and merchant-classes who controlled the resources had interests to protect. They wanted to make sure their property was protected. They wanted to make sure that there was someone around to punish wrongdoers. Methods were developed such as courts and judges and juries for this purpose. Taxes were needed to raise armies and pay knights or sheriffs or strongmen of varieties working on behalf of the crown or council. In order for the lords and the merchants to have their property protected and to gain more wealth, they needed roads. As land was parcelled, they needed a proper way to distribute it. What wasn't in someone's possession was the "kingdoms" and owned by the king. They parcelled it out for favors and allegiance.

As the merchant class began to have more power, they overthrew the lords as ruling class and developed their own councils that the king could not ignore and had to listen to. Some places threw off the king altogether. Merchants, craftsmen, and independent farmers became dominant. They increased the towns and the cities. Most of the farm laborers continued so or became laborers for more wealthy merchants who used land and resources to start corporations and enterprises. With the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment came improved technology. This technology created immense wealth but also a variety of externalities.. Ideas about protecting consumers who might not know the harms were percolating. Ideas of creating social safety nets for the elderly or the poor who could not afford it were promoted. The ideas of following certain safety codes in construction and water consumption were thought of, and on it goes for many thousands of things.

So to sum it up, we have always been "governed" in some way. The modern form started with the rise of the merchants, the Scientific Revolution, and the increase in technology. With this increase in knowledge and technology was a need for more nuanced understanding of how to survive, which included things like safety nets, consumer protections, health care, and the like. The things that were not even around prior to the Scientific Revolution (so weren't even a consideration). Then add the classical merchant interests of protecting one's capital, property, and territory, along with the other classical things such as courts of law and protection of territory.
Changeling October 15, 2022 at 17:10 #748616
Reply to NOS4A2 you have to be governed so you can continue sipping your afternoon tea at The Empress, and not end up mugged/left in a ditch.
T Clark October 15, 2022 at 17:12 #748617
Who do you propose would:

  • Provide schooling
  • Build roads
  • Protect property rights
  • Fund fire departments
  • Enforce contracts
  • Protect the vulnerable
  • Provide a reliable medium of exchange
  • ....


Perhaps much of this could be addressed voluntarily in a simple, isolated agrarian society, but I find it hard to imagine it could in one like what we have now.
NOS4A2 October 15, 2022 at 17:18 #748618
Reply to schopenhauer1

I appreciate the effort it took to write that down, and find little to disagree with. But I’m just asking why you yourself must be governed.

Reply to Changeling

Rather, I was asking why you must be governed. Can I extrapolate from your answer that you require the State to protect you?

Reply to T Clark

I just can’t see how man in his government form is the only one capable of providing or funding such services.
Paine October 15, 2022 at 17:24 #748620
Quoting NOS4A2
Perhaps the State is all that holds them from returning to some state of nature, like beasts. This bothers me because if the State were to collapse tomorrow, it is those that need to be governed that the rest of us would have to watch out for.


According to Hobbes, the state of nature is a war of each against all others. The need for authority is not in order to satisfy a compulsion that some people suffer but others do not; it is to stop the violence of that war.

Rousseau saw the state of nature as the home of the 'noble savage' who was peaceful and moral as created. The social contract forced man into a way of life that lost this original goodness.

How the State is to be conceived as necessary or not is dependent upon competing notions of Human Nature.
Nils Loc October 15, 2022 at 17:25 #748621
Quoting NOS4A2
Perhaps the State is all that holds them from returning to some state of nature, like beasts. This bothers me because if the State were to collapse tomorrow, it is those that need to be governed that the rest of us would have to watch out for.


That is why you better start prepping NOS. Get a lot of guns and know how to use them. It's gonna be a major investment now but it will be worth it when you need to acquire/take resources in a world in which all proof of ownership is forfeit. You'll have to defend your property through violence (you'll be your own police/governor).

The world isn't fair with a functional state nor is it fair in its absence. The grass is not greener on the other side of the fence. It's soaked with blood.
schopenhauer1 October 15, 2022 at 17:29 #748623
Quoting NOS4A2
I appreciate the effort it took to write that down, and find little to disagree with. But I’m just asking why you yourself must be governed.


Thanks.. Because I like having clean drinking water, construction codes, educational institutions offered to everyone, safety nets, courts of law, police protection, protection against invasion, etc. and that are accountable to a democratic process and the informed electorate.
T Clark October 15, 2022 at 19:09 #748646
Quoting NOS4A2
I just can’t see how man in his government form is the only one capable of providing or funding such services.


And I can't see how it can be otherwise.
NOS4A2 October 15, 2022 at 19:55 #748670
Reply to T Clark

Sure you can. Private schools, private roads, private insurance, private firefighting, private healthcare, private charity, private armies, ….the model of voluntarily exchange for such services has been in effect since time immemorial. The idea that a man must be in government before he can provide any such services is damn near ludicrous.
NOS4A2 October 15, 2022 at 19:56 #748674
Reply to Nils Loc

I’m not so sure of that. History is replete with state violence and democide. There is not one human right that the state has not violated. They can and have taken as much property as they wish, and in fact claim ownership and jurisdiction upon entire territories. See what happens when you don’t pay your property taxes. Your proof of ownership in any state system is contingent on what the state wants to do with your property, nothing more or less.. I’d much rather defend my own property than be subject to what amounts to slavery.
DingoJones October 15, 2022 at 19:58 #748675
Reply to NOS4A2

Because you can’t be trusted.
NOS4A2 October 15, 2022 at 19:58 #748676
Reply to Paine

Very true, Paine. Both Rousseau and Hobbes believed in the social contract. Perhaps this belief, despite its lack of evidence, persists as the undercurrent of statism.
NOS4A2 October 15, 2022 at 20:00 #748679
Reply to DingoJones

But the government can?
DingoJones October 15, 2022 at 20:03 #748681
Reply to NOS4A2

No more, no less. Humans just can’t be trusted.
unenlightened October 15, 2022 at 20:04 #748683
Quoting NOS4A2
If I could choose to be governed or not, I would prefer to be without all of the above.


Who wouldn't? We live in the state of anarchy, in which there is no law, and in particular, no law against setting oneself up as a governor or mafia boss. So feel entirely free to hide from the watchers, to disobey the rulers, and do what thou wilt. Tell them I said it was ok.

Quoting NOS4A2
Sure you can. Private schools, private roads, private insurance, private firefighting, private healthcare, private charity, private armies,


Private armies???? You can be the boss of a gang, sure, but gangs and armies are public - by definition. so it looks like your professed anarchism is just privatised government. We already got that, and it stinks bad.
Down The Rabbit Hole October 15, 2022 at 20:09 #748685
Reply to NOS4A2

What's to stop the super-rich buying up all of the main roads and charging sky-high prices to travel through (putting the price of everything up), or refusing anyone but their businesses access thereby holding a monopoly?

Even Adam Smith believed you needed regulation to keep the market competitive.
T Clark October 15, 2022 at 20:15 #748690
Quoting NOS4A2
the model of voluntarily exchange for such services has been in effect since time immemorial.


Name an effective comprehensive implementation of such a model. There hasn't ever been one in any but the smallest societies, if then. It's just another anarchist pipe dream.
unenlightened October 15, 2022 at 20:24 #748695
About the best imagined Anarchist society I've come across is Ursula LeGuin's The Dispossessed.

But there's not much 'private' there, so @NOS4A2 would hate it.
Paine October 15, 2022 at 20:36 #748698
Reply to NOS4A2
Hobbes and Rousseau developed their views from sharply different visions of the qualities of natural man before civic institutions existed. What is your view of how those institutions appeared without a social contract of some kind?

If this 'statism' is a need for some and not for others, how did it get started amongst humans?
NOS4A2 October 15, 2022 at 20:39 #748700
Reply to unenlightened

I didn’t advocate for any of those, nor anarchism. I’m speaking against the state, not for or against other forms of organization. They were examples of man using other, non-state, collective means to accomplish tasks deemed worthy of government only,
NOS4A2 October 15, 2022 at 20:41 #748701
Reply to Paine

My own view is that states form through conquest and appropriation. They are imposed. Not one man agreed to any contract. This is because no such contract exists.
unenlightened October 15, 2022 at 20:42 #748703
Reply to NOS4A2 It still stinks bad though NOS. All you got is your privates guaranteed by the Godfather.
NOS4A2 October 15, 2022 at 20:52 #748714
Reply to unenlightened

I use “private” in this sense to mean something doesn’t have any official standing nor is it owned and controlled by any government. I see no nefarious connotations. Besides, I hardly see any difference between a state and any other criminal organization, except that one seeks to control me and the other doesn’t, so if a private organization seizes power and the monopoly on violence I will naturally oppose it.
unenlightened October 15, 2022 at 20:54 #748715
Quoting NOS4A2
if a private organization seizes power and the monopoly on violence I will naturally oppose it.


It already has.
NOS4A2 October 15, 2022 at 21:00 #748717
Reply to unenlightened

It’s the State. They formed when one group of predatory men sought to exploit the rest. There is nothing public about the State except that they do it all in the open.
Paine October 15, 2022 at 21:07 #748719
Reply to NOS4A2
As conceived of by Hobbes and Rousseau, the social contract is not an explicit agreement signed before participating in it. Rather, it is a condition developed through people's interaction with each other. The development of law and judgement in societies probably did have something to do with events of wars and subjugation. But you, like Rousseau, imagine a condition of Man that was happily minding its own business before the State crashed the party.

Whatever brought these institutions into being, framing it as a transition from a state of nature to living in a man-made world is to seek out what is human nature against the background of his circumstances, to borrow from Ortega y Gasset.
NOS4A2 October 15, 2022 at 23:11 #748758
Reply to Paine

If it is not an explicit agreement then it is not a contract. Since a condition is not a contract, it is a poor analogy on Rousseau’s part. Perhaps “social condition” better describes the state of affairs we’re in, since most of us are born into it, after all.

I can’t imagine a state of nature, only social organizations that are voluntary and not ruled by this or that class. Rousseau’s Social Contract is not only statist, but collectivist, which history has proven is a poor combination indeed. Submitting to the general will, being forced to be free, and all that, isn’t the best look for the social contract theory in my mind.
Paine October 15, 2022 at 23:23 #748761
Reply to NOS4A2
Explicit contracts are only possible through institutions established to recognize them. It seems you would have the discussion of what brought civic institutions into existence be preceded by the institutions themselves.

Unspoken agreements where different people accept a set of conditions for the sake of their mutual continuance does not require signatures.
Banno October 16, 2022 at 00:16 #748770
It's an oddly transactional view, the one expressed here. As if making an exchange were the only human interaction, and "What's in it for me?" the only consideration.

Or even the main consideration.

There's a deep poverty in such gross oversimplification. Worse, those who suffer from it may well not understand that they do so suffer.

And so the thread meanders on...
180 Proof October 16, 2022 at 05:00 #748810
Neither 'stateless individualism', which is license, nor ''statist individualism', which is legalism; are forms of liberty insofar as liberty means socially accountable self-governance.

Quoting NOS4A2
If I could choose to be governed or not...

Yes, "if" – but you don't get to choose, nobody does, any more than you get to choose the body, family, society or class you're born into, etc. "Why must you be governed?" You/we mustn't, just like you/we mustn't speak English. Instead: Why are you/we governed? Because, NOS, as your wannabe-gangster hero Individual-1 keeps saying the quiet part out loud: "They're mine, mine, mine ..." Wtf?! :mask:

You want to abolish the centralizing authority of the state? First abolish the ego-centralizing psychology in our social arrangements. In a post-Indigenous, imperialistic, overpopulated world, the realpolitik of cosmopolitan social contractualism, where it is effective, is the statist counterweught to 'failed state terrorism' or 'Dark Ages warlordism'. But what about a counterweight to "the tyranny of the state"? Democratize the economy as much as practically possible.

Political democracy in the absence of economic democracy (aka "economic autocracy" (becomes neoliberal corporatocracy)) has always been a failing project. Political autocracy (i.e. statist tyranny) is the manifest policing infrastructure required in order to protect economy autocracy. Read A. Smith closely. & Read P. Kropotkin closely. Read D. Schweickart & T. Picketty closely.
unenlightened October 16, 2022 at 07:25 #748838
Quoting NOS4A2
It’s the State. They formed when one group of predatory men sought to exploit the rest. There is nothing public about the State except that they do it all in the open.


Yes, but you are claiming that when you do it, it isn't the state. The divine right of NOS to his private army etc. Privacy is itself government - thou shalt not forage in my garden. My agri-culture necessarily excludes you, and there can be no privacy without government. Privacy entails contractual agreement just as much as community. You and your insistence on your private property are the predatory and disagreeable government you complain of. Alas for you," To live outside the law you must be honest."
Agent Smith October 16, 2022 at 12:53 #748879
Obviously, despite how bad it looks, to be g***erned is better than not to be or, more accurately, it's the lesser evil. @schopenhauer1, this should be right up your antinatalism/pessimism/Schopenhauerism alley!
Philosophim October 16, 2022 at 13:31 #748885
I don't think I should be governed. I'm an adult who can make my own choices in life. I went down to a nice farm the other day and introduced myself to the folks down there. I was interested in country life. I saw that they lived off the grid, self-sufficient, independent, and happy. They let me stay the night, which was wonderful of them.

Later that night after I killed them in their sleep, I woke up in the morning happy that I had gained the sense of peace, and land, that they had. It was fun picking some of the tomatoes that had ripened and eating off of the land as God intended. I stayed for a few days until I got bored and moved on, but I don't think I'll ever quite forget the experience of being completely free and self-sufficient out there in the wilderness.

NOS, your problem is you see the world only through your viewpoint, and no one else's. Also, you believe, like the gentleman above, that there is nothing wrong with your viewpoint of the world. Many of us walk around as individuals thinking we have it all figured out. We don't. We need other people to point things out to us, and at times, stop us from doing terrible wrongs to others. People who participate in society without issue understand this.

Now I don't think you yourself are a bad person or that you would have done anything to those folks. But you have an incredibly high sense of your own self-worth and capability. You're the guy who believes they would survive the zombie apocalypse. You see the world's truth, and cannot understand why others do not. So of course to you, you see government as worthless. To help, you have to realize its not about you. You alone don't matter in the equation. Government is about people, every shade, and type. Government is about people who would not survive the zombie apocalypse, those who would enslave and kill others, and then people like you who would be just fine dodging zombies all day with your stockpile of food and water.

If you want to understand why people need to be governed, the answer is to meet more people. Government is a tool of the human race to ensure survival of groups of people. Different groups of people have different needs that good governments serve.




NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 15:13 #748910
Reply to Paine

I’m quite certain that you and I could come to some sort of agreement, neighbor to neighbor, and abide by that agreement without including a third party. We could abide by it because we have consciences and it is the right thing to do. Rather, if your agreements need to be governed by a third party, I fear your word probably means little.

I do not know what unspoken agreements you speak of. But if you speak them they are no longer unspoken. How can I agree to such an agreement?
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 15:17 #748911
Reply to unenlightened

Yes, but you are claiming that when you do it, it isn't the state. The divine right of NOS to his private army etc. Privacy is itself government - thou shalt not forage in my garden. My agri-culture necessarily excludes you, and there can be no privacy without government. Privacy entails contractual agreement just as much as community. You and your insistence on your private property are the predatory and disagreeable government you complain of. Alas for you," To live outside the law you must be honest."


I wouldn’t do anything like a state. I’ve only claimed that there are ways to organize without the state, on grounds of voluntary rather than involuntary cooperation, and only claimed such as a counter argument to the suggestion that a state is required. Unlike the state, I would not monopolize any of those activities, nor would I regulate anyone’s lives and livelihoods, that is, until they sought to regulate mine. If Unenlightened wants VIP access to my garden or other people’s things you might try asking nicely.
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 15:22 #748913
Reply to Philosophim

Note how no one can answer why they themselves need to be governed. I expected as much. It’s always someone else who needs to be governed, like the murderer in your condescending fantasy. Someone else needs to be governed so I can drink clean water. Someone else needs to be governed because I don’t want to be mugged. And because you cannot single out this someone else, everyone must be governed. To protect you from these bogiemen you’re willing to put up with and justify despotism, whether hard or soft, on entire populations of people, so that you can carve out a safe habitat somewhere on the spectrum of slavery.

But your government is an actual murderer, slaver, liar, brigand, knave. The historical record makes this clear. So who protects you now?

“Government is a tool of the human race to ensure survival of groups of people.” No greater propaganda has been uttered. The state cares only for its own existence. There is no right it hasn’t violated, no law it has not broken, no truth it hasn’t suppressed, to benefit itself. It’s not the institution you claim it is; it is an anti-social institution. You’re not participating in society; you’re aggrandizing the state at the expense of society.
unenlightened October 16, 2022 at 15:32 #748916
Quoting NOS4A2
If Unenlightened wants VIP access to my garden or other people’s things you might try asking nicely.


You and your bloody rules imposed by your bloody army.
Isaac October 16, 2022 at 15:33 #748917
Quoting NOS4A2
because you cannot single out this someone else


It's you.
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 15:43 #748921
Reply to unenlightened

You and your desire to steal and appropriate another’s things is not unlike the State’s.

Reply to Isaac

It's you.


It’s always someone else.
unenlightened October 16, 2022 at 15:46 #748922
Quoting NOS4A2
You and your desire to steal and appropriate another’s things is not unlike the State’s.


You silly boy! what makes it yours? Your own say so? Or do you have some kind of bill of sale or other social contract that bestows it on you?
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 15:48 #748924
Reply to unenlightened

My garden? Not because I say so, but because I can justify it. I built it, planted it, and tilled it. If you can justify why it is yours, perhaps you can have it.
Isaac October 16, 2022 at 15:52 #748925
Quoting NOS4A2
It’s always someone else.


Not just someone else. You.

Quoting NOS4A2
I can justify it. I built it, planted it, and tilled it. If you can justify why it is yours, perhaps you can have it.


I'll have a crack. I'm a better gardener than you, so I deserve it.

NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 15:57 #748926
Reply to Isaac

Not just someone else. You.


Someone you do not know nor have ever dealt with. Another bogieman.

I'll have a crack. I'm a better gardener than you, so I deserve it.


How do your gardening abilities justify you having another person’s garden?
PhilosophyRunner October 16, 2022 at 16:01 #748928
Quoting NOS4A2
My garden? Not because I say so, but because I can justify it. I built it, planted it, and tilled it. If you can justify why it is yours, perhaps you can have it.


And what if I reject your justification? Well today we have a government, a court of law, a police to arbitrate between the two of us.

In you vision, it is a matter of whether I and my posse are strong enough to take your land from you if I reject your justification of owning it. And actually I quite fancy my chances there.

Never mind me, there are plenty of people around who will not care much for your justification that you should own your land. Good luck is all I can say.
Agent Smith October 16, 2022 at 16:01 #748929
Why should we be governed?

A good criminal would surrender his weapon, would thrust both his wrists forward to be handcuffed, and walk quietly with the prison guards to his cell! :cool:
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 16:04 #748931
Reply to PhilosophyRunner

It’s true. I would assume, perhaps wrongly, that you have a conscience, and some modicum of respect for the livelihood of others, their labors, and so on. Absent that we are at an impasse, and you’ll have to try and take it.
Isaac October 16, 2022 at 16:14 #748937
Quoting NOS4A2
How do your gardening abilities justify you having another person’s garden?


How does you having built it, planted it, and tilled it justify you having it?
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 16:17 #748938
Reply to Isaac

I created it and nurtured it. It wouldn’t exist had I not done so. How does your superior gardening abilities justify your claims to it?
PhilosophyRunner October 16, 2022 at 16:20 #748940
Reply to NOS4A2 And if you were to look at history, it is pretty clear that there are plenty of people out there who would be happy to take over your home, by hook or by crook. Same is true even if you look at today's society, there are plenty around who would be more than happy to relieve you of your home.

So yes, I would say your assumptions are wrong and would lead to dominance of the the ones who can enforce there dominance.
Isaac October 16, 2022 at 16:23 #748941
Quoting NOS4A2
How does your superior gardening abilities justify your claims to it?


How does you having created it and nurtured it such that it wouldn’t exist had you not done so justify your claim to it?
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 16:24 #748942
Reply to PhilosophyRunner

It’s true. And history does not look kindly on them.
PhilosophyRunner October 16, 2022 at 16:25 #748943
Reply to NOS4A2 And we learnt from history and have democratic government, as least in some places.

But I also reject your notion that history does not look kindly on those who took things by force. Many of the kings of yore, that are legendary, did exactly that. And were rewarded for it through the perpetuation of their legend.
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 16:26 #748944
Reply to Isaac

That is my justification. Now we weigh that against your justification, which I suppose is coming any moment now.
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 16:28 #748946
Reply to PhilosophyRunner

A state prohibits rule of the people. It’s very function is the rule of some people.
Isaac October 16, 2022 at 16:29 #748947
Quoting NOS4A2
Now we weigh that against your justification


By what process?
PhilosophyRunner October 16, 2022 at 16:30 #748948
Reply to NOS4A2 It is better than the alternate - rule by the few that control the best army.

At least we have rule of the few who have to be selected in a ballot by the many.
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 16:30 #748949
Reply to Isaac

Deliberation.
Isaac October 16, 2022 at 16:57 #748952
Quoting NOS4A2
Deliberation


Alright. We have a big long discussion. We still disagree. Now what? Fisticuffs?
unenlightened October 16, 2022 at 17:26 #748960
Quoting NOS4A2
My garden? Not because I say so, but because I can justify it. I built it, planted it, and tilled it. If you can justify why it is yours, perhaps you can have it.


Shit, the appeal to justice? Let's invent a court and make with the justification - your private justification has no sway over me. But anyway, you lie. the garden was already there, all you did was tidy it. I liked it the way it was and you ruined it. Now get off my garden and stop ruining it with your wretched building and cultivation of my lovely wilderness.
Paine October 16, 2022 at 17:32 #748963
Reply to NOS4A2
Your description of a community formed through agreements amongst neighbors strongly resembles what Locke called the State of Nature. He takes up the question of how societies formed before explicit bodies of law appeared when he was challenged to show how the state of nature existed before civil structures.

John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government, Beginning Of Political Societies.:100. To this, I find two objections made.
First: That there are no instances to be found in story of a company of men independent, and equal one amongst another, that they met together and in this way began and set up a government.

101. To the first there is this to answer---That it is not at all to be wondered that history gives us but very little account of men that lived in a state of nature. The inconveniences of that condition, and the love and want of society, no sooner brought them together, but they presently united and incorporated if they designed to continue together. And if we may not suppose men ever to have been in the state of nature, because we hear not much of them in such a state, we may as well suppose the armies of Salmanasser of Xerxes were never children, because we hear little of them till they were men and embodied in armies. Government is everywhere antecedent to records, and letters seldom come in amongst a people, till long continuation of civil society has, by more necessary arts, provided for their safety, ease, and plenty.


Locke joins Hobbes and Rousseau in using the concept of a state of nature to propose how we transitioned from a prehistory without politics to a life lived through polity. What is your account of the transition? Or was it born directly from the forehead of Zeus?
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 17:45 #748967
Reply to Isaac

Alright. We have a big long discussion. We still disagree. Now what? Fisticuffs?


Do you really disagree, though? Would you actually lay claim to a garden someone else has built and cultivated, and upon disagreeing, physically take what he has built and cultivated?

But yes, if theft is your aim, you’ll just have to take it, won’t you?
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 17:51 #748973
Reply to Paine

Like Rousseau says, family is the first society. I suppose kinship could be considered natural, but then again to say “state of nature” is redundant, because every state is one of nature anyways.
Isaac October 16, 2022 at 17:56 #748977
Quoting NOS4A2
Do you really disagree, though?


Ah! The old 'you agree with me really though' argument. I wondered how long it would take to get there.

That you can't wrap your head around anyone thinking differently is your problem, don't project it onto others.

Quoting NOS4A2
Would you actually lay claim to a garden someone else has built and cultivated


Yes. As @unenlightened had already speculated...

Quoting unenlightened
stop ruining it with your wretched building and cultivation of my lovely wilderness.


I think the wilderness belongs to those who look after it best, so your crappy efforts fail to secure you your right of ownership I'm afraid.

Quoting NOS4A2
upon disagreeing, physically take what he has built and cultivated?


Of course. You ruined my wilderness. I'd definitely use what force I have at my disposal to requisition it and return it to its proper state.

Quoting NOS4A2
if theft is your aim, you’ll just have to take it, won’t you?


It's not theft, your claim to ownership failed. It's my garden.
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 18:12 #748982
Reply to Isaac

Ah! The old 'you agree with me really though' argument. I wondered how long it would take to get there.

That you can't wrap your head around anyone thinking differently is your problem, don't project it onto others.


It was a question, actually, as evident by the question mark. Your efforts to skirt around it are obvious, because no one is stupid enough to act like a question was an argument.

Of course. You ruined my wilderness. I'd definitely use what force I have at my disposal to requisition it and return it to its proper state.


Why is it your wilderness? Is my garden on your property?

Paine October 16, 2022 at 18:19 #748984
Reply to NOS4A2
Those political philosophers used the phrase 'state of nature' to distinguish it from life as a citizen with expressed rights within a state. They did not mean to suggest the latter was outside of what is possible by nature.

Your citing of Rousseau reminds me of Thatcher's view of society:

M Thatcher:I think we have gone through a period when too many children and people have been given to understand ‘I have a problem, it is the Government’s job to cope with it!’ or ‘I have a problem, I will go and get a grant to cope with it!’ ‘I am homeless, the Government must house me!’ and so they are casting their problems on society and who is society? There is no such thing! There are individual men and women and there are families and no government can do anything except through people and people look to themselves first.


Not much interest in the history of communities there.
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 18:24 #748988
Reply to Paine

Nor should they be. It’s a brute fact that such abstract terms are without a referent. As intimated, the collectivism in Hobbes or Rousseau, statism in general, is nothing to be proud of.
Mikie October 16, 2022 at 18:25 #748989
Why MUST you be governed? Why— WHY?

Don’t you want to be free from Big Brother? Yet you never choose freedom…you MUST go with being scrutinized, watched, collectivized. Why, why??

If only we could be more like John Galt.
Paine October 16, 2022 at 18:30 #748992
Reply to NOS4A2
But you yourself frame your concept of 'statism' as a violation of a preexisting condition. It is at least as abstract as any idea employed by Locke.
Philosophim October 16, 2022 at 18:33 #748993
Quoting NOS4A2
Note how no one can answer why they themselves need to be governed. I expected as much. It’s always someone else who needs to be governed, like the murderer in your condescending fantasy.


It was not intended to be condescending. You missed the point. The murderer does not think they are wrong. The murderer does not believe they need to be governed. They think they have no blind spots or need for others. But this simply isn't the case. No one is a one man perfect army. You and I are no different in our personal blindness and bias. WE need governing, because WE are no different from one another in our myopic view of our own perfection, capabilities, and self-sufficiency in relation to other people.

The only people who do not need governance are those who live in the woods somewhere away from other people. Whenever two or more people have to interact, fledgling governance begins. Perhaps its a mutually negotiated outcome. Perhaps its one person overpowering the other. Whatever happens, implicit and explicit rules in how you both interact with one another begin. And if one of you doesn't follow it? Consequences of some kind ensue.

As to why people use examples of others and not themselves, is because no one wants to admit their flaws. Because then the reply will be, "Well YOU might have those flaws, but I do not." This is incorrect. You have flaws Nos, plenty of them. I do as well. Our flaws and desires are different, and if we have to interact with each other, there are spoken and unspoken expectations and behaviors between us is there not? If you or I behave a certain way on these forums, will we not be reprimanded? Do you honestly think the forums would be a better place if there were no rules or moderators? That is basic governance. And it is absolutely needed for groups to work together with a mutual benefit.

Now, to be fair to you, perhaps you observe there can be negative consequences of governance. No one would dispute that. There are positives and negatives to almost every system and choice we have in life. To ignore the negatives and only see the positives, is as foolish as the other way around.

Governance is an absolutely needed tool/descriptor of relations between humanity. Like any tool, it can be used incorrectly. But its incorrect use does not mean we do not need the tool when the job calls for it.Reply to NOS4A2
Isaac October 16, 2022 at 18:46 #748996
Quoting NOS4A2
Your efforts to skirt around it are obvious


The question...

Quoting NOS4A2
Do you really disagree, though?


The answer...

Quoting Isaac
Yes


Not sure in what way that counts a 'skirting around'.

Quoting NOS4A2
Why is it your wilderness? Is my garden on your property?


Yes. I've explained that land rightly belongs to the person who will look after it best. In the case of your garden, that is me (I'm an excellent gardener), you've already done enough damage with your 'cultivation', so you should leave immediately.
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 18:46 #748997
Reply to Paine

But you yourself frame your concept of 'statism' as a violation of a preexisting condition. It is at least as abstract as any idea employed by Locke.


I would say the State itself was a violation of sorts insofar as it was the organized means of exploitation imposed on others, but only that the preexisting condition to the state was no state. If I were to get concrete about it, I would point to those who act out its functions, it’s written laws, and so on. Statism is rather a belief or ideology, and I would argue the prevailing one.
unenlightened October 16, 2022 at 18:57 #748999
Quoting Isaac
Would you actually lay claim to a garden someone else has built and cultivated
— NOS4A2

Yes. As unenlightened had already speculated...


And as is happening right now to indigenous people in the Amazon, sanctioned ironically by the government, and as has happened on every colonised continent over and over. This tyranny of property is exactly the social contract that @NOS4A2 thinks he is rejecting.

"Property is theft." Proudhon proclaimed. Because all property is stolen from the commons which is the Whole Earth. But Nos uses Proudhon only as it suits him, he is no anarchist himself as he admits, but an involuntary non-autocrat whining about his impotence.
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 18:57 #749000
Reply to Isaac

There we go. You believe you are entitled to the figurative and literal fruits of another’s labor because you think you can do a better job. The corollaries of such a sense of justice are profound. A man has no right to use nature to provide for his own survival. The superior man has rights to the nature, the efforts, and by extension, the bodies of lesser men. And this sense of justice and property is why you need to be governed.
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 19:00 #749001
Reply to unenlightened

Do you not believe that a man has a right, as a matter of dignity and survival, to put effort into a place of nature for his own living?
Mikie October 16, 2022 at 19:02 #749002
It’s a stupid question. The better question is: why do we create governments?

Plenty of answers.
Isaac October 16, 2022 at 19:03 #749003
Quoting NOS4A2
You believe you are entitled to the figurative and literal fruits of another’s labor because you think you can do a better job.


No. I'd turn your garden back to a state of nature. No appropriation of any fruit (figurative or otherwise), in fact a rejection of the fruits of your labour.

Quoting NOS4A2
A man has no right to use nature to provide for his own survival.


Too right he doesn't. See Reply to unenlightened. The 'use' of nature without proper constraint is just about to wipe out the planet's lungs.

The question is about what happens when we disagree over the proper treatment of some piece of land.
Isaac October 16, 2022 at 19:04 #749004
Quoting Xtrix
It’s a stupid question.


Yes, but I'm about to nick @NOS4A2's garden, so don't pull the plug just yet.
unenlightened October 16, 2022 at 19:10 #749006
Quoting NOS4A2
Do you not believe that a man has a right, as a matter of dignity and survival, to put effort into a place of nature for his own living?


A right? Where do they come from? God? You get more and more desperately ambitious in your pronouncements. No, it is an insane suggestion that any man has a right to fence off land and reserve it to his own use without the agreement of his neighbours - which is to say, without entering into a social contract with his neighbours to mutually grant each other such and such rights and such and such redress. And should you wonder who is your neighbour, I refer you to the parable of the Good Samaritan.

NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 19:26 #749011
Reply to Isaac

No. I'd turn your garden back to a state of nature. No appropriation of any fruit (figurative or otherwise), in fact a rejection of the fruits of your labour.


You’d destroy my food, then, and any food-bearing plants I created, because you are a superior gardener. I still fail to see how one justifies the other. .
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 19:28 #749012
Reply to unenlightened

A right? Where do they come from? God? You get more and more desperately ambitious in your pronouncements. No, it is an insane suggestion that any man has a right to fence off land and reserve it to his own use without the agreement of his neighbours - which is to say, without entering into a social contract with his neighbours to mutually grant each other such and such rights and such and such redress. And should you wonder who is your neighbour, I refer you to the parable of the Good Samaritan.


Rights come from men. That’s why I’m asking you and not God. Will you destroy my garden, should there be no “social contract”? Is this why you need to be governed?
unenlightened October 16, 2022 at 19:34 #749013
Quoting NOS4A2
Rights come from men.


Oh, a social contract.


Quoting NOS4A2
Will you destroy my garden, should there be no “social contract”? Is this why you need to be governed?


I don't need to be governed. I said at the outset that I am an anarchist. But you need me to be governed.
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 19:40 #749015
Reply to unenlightened

Oh, a social contract.


We have not agreed to anything. No social contract. Just you coming upon my garden and deciding what to do next: destroy it, steal from it, or leave it alone. There’s always that other niggling option of voluntary cooperation, where we can work together towards a solution. How does one decide?

I don't need to be governed. I said at the outset that I am an anarchist. But you need me to be governed.


I don’t want you to be governed, nor want to govern you.
unenlightened October 16, 2022 at 19:46 #749016
Quoting NOS4A2
We have not agreed to anything.


Quoting NOS4A2
Rights come from men.


Therefore you have no right to your garden.

That there is logic. Allow me to sell you some.
Isaac October 16, 2022 at 19:50 #749017
Quoting NOS4A2
I still fail to see how one justifies the other.


I don't.

Now what?
Tom Storm October 16, 2022 at 19:57 #749019
Reply to NOS4A2 How does one demonstrate that having no government doesn't automatically generate some other form of tyranny or overarching organizational process?
Isaac October 16, 2022 at 20:09 #749022
Quoting NOS4A2
There’s always that other niggling option of voluntary cooperation, where we can work together towards a solution.


Hang on. A minute ago you had s right to your garden because you tilled it. Now you're saying we could come to some arrangement?

What about the rainforest? Cycles the oxygen for everyone on the planet. You're going to need an awfully big hall to hold that meeting...

If only there were some system of representatives to simplify this mass negotiation process... Oh well, one can only hope...
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 20:16 #749024
Reply to unenlightened

Therefore you have no right to your garden.

That there is logic. Allow me to sell you some.


I’ll pass. I am by now we’ll aware that you will not afford anybody a right to their own garden. What do you say to the Amazonian, then, given that they have stolen their village “the commons”? They have no right to keep their village?
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 20:18 #749025
Reply to Isaac

Hang on. A minute ago you had s right to your garden because you tilled it. Now you're saying we could come to some arrangement?

What about the rainforest? Cycles the oxygen for everyone on the planet. You're going to need an awfully big hall to hold that meeting...

If only there were some system of representatives to simplify this mass negotiation process... Oh well, one can only hope...


Yes, just ask. Maybe we can trade, maybe I can donate, maybe we can till it together. Maybe I’m naive but I thought theft and robbery would be the last resort, so consider me surprised.
NOS4A2 October 16, 2022 at 20:21 #749028
Reply to Tom Storm

How does one demonstrate that having no government doesn't automatically generate some other form of tyranny or overarching organizational process?


I don’t think he can. The state is by now so ubiquitous and so many dependant on it that its abolition would invariably lead to some form of tyranny as they scramble for new states. People would first need to shed statism as they did religion.
Tom Storm October 16, 2022 at 20:25 #749030
Reply to NOS4A2 Interesting. How would we expunge statism from human behavior? Is it possible?
unenlightened October 16, 2022 at 20:33 #749031
Quoting NOS4A2
What do you say to the Amazonian, then, given that they have stolen their village “the commons”? They have no right to keep their village?


I will say what they generally say, that they do not own the forest, they belong to it.
Mikie October 16, 2022 at 22:45 #749064
So this thread is just a guise for parroting Ayn Rand. Got it.
Agent Smith October 17, 2022 at 05:49 #749113
Quoting Mikie
So this thread is just a guise for parroting Ayn Rand. Got it.


Bullseye!
Isaac October 17, 2022 at 05:53 #749114
Quoting NOS4A2
Yes, just ask.


What, the whole planet? There's 7 billion of us. Through what mechanism ought we 'just ask'? One at a time?

Quoting NOS4A2
Maybe I’m naive but I thought theft and robbery would be the last resort, so consider me surprised.


There's no theft and robbery until there's property. We're discussing who owns what so we cannot already be thieving and robbing it can we? We have yet to establish who's property it is.
Michael October 17, 2022 at 08:25 #749124
Quoting NOS4A2
Why must you be governed?


I think the question is misleading. You will be governed, one way or another. You're never going to get a cooperative anarchy. Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos with their private militaries will just make all the rules. Anti-statism is a pipe dream.

So the only question is which kind of government is best. I would rather have a democracy than the neo-feudalism that your position would inevitably lead to.
Nickolasgaspar October 17, 2022 at 09:29 #749134
Reply to NOS4A2
-"Why Must You Be Governed?"
Environmental Challenges and Behavior of Individuals members affects the survival and flourishing of social species. That alone introduces the need of a center for Decision Making and Problem solving.
The important question is now "why must we be governed" but why we insist on using Pseudo Philosophical "solutions" to govern our societies.
I mean we have far more capable and modern systems to address behavior and problems.
Governing is the process of imposing rules and laws on populations. Laws are the "solution" we came up with when we don't really have a real technical solution for a problem.
The way we currently organize our societies is really primitive and it has failed miserably.
Nickolasgaspar October 17, 2022 at 09:38 #749137
Reply to Michael Reply to Michael I just wrote the same thing (almost), my only objection is that you don't always need an agent to govern others. You can have a system that serves those goals, like i.e. Science methodologies and standards of evaluation serving the goal of acquiring knowledge.
Sure we need people to guard the method, but they can not change the criteria or evaluation methods by which we accept Knowledge claims.
This is not true for our current Pseudo Philosophical governing systems. The goals are set by Constitutions but the people who "guard" the process, constantly change the criteria and methods arriving to results that are in direct conflict with the goals of a society.
i.e. Constitutions around the world talk about equality of citizens but our economic systems ignore that and excuses are used by some to gain even more (crisis).
The results are against the goals we are trying to achieve through governing our societies.
NOS4A2 October 17, 2022 at 10:43 #749148
Reply to Michael

That’s a misleading answer because it avoids the question outright and quickly enters fantasy. Elon musks private army will be of humanoid drones while Bezos’ rockets will look like dicks. They will maraud around the world spreading freedom while searching for weapons of mass competition. Public armies are controlled by democracy and history proves they have never taken or destroyed any property.
NOS4A2 October 17, 2022 at 10:45 #749149
Reply to Isaac

There's no theft and robbery until there's property. We're discussing who owns what so we cannot already be thieving and robbing it can we? We have yet to establish who's property it is.


I thought it was the superior man’s property.
Michael October 17, 2022 at 12:46 #749164
Quoting NOS4A2
That’s a misleading answer because it avoids the question outright and quickly enters fantasy.


That anarcho-capitalism could work is the fantasy.
NOS4A2 October 17, 2022 at 13:20 #749167
Reply to Michael

I never said it could. Why do you personally need to be governed?
Paine October 17, 2022 at 13:24 #749168
Quoting Mikie
So this thread is just a guise for parroting Ayn Rand. Got it.


They do share the ethos built on the centrality of the ego. But Ayn is cool with institutions like Banks to keep her money. You need a government for that. Handshakes, winks, and nods just won't cut the bacon.
NOS4A2 October 17, 2022 at 13:58 #749170
Reply to Paine

I’ve never read Ayn Rand. That’s the hilarious part of the accusation.
Michael October 17, 2022 at 14:38 #749174
Quoting NOS4A2
I never said it could.


You said this, which seems to be a description of anarcho-capitalism:

Quoting NOS4A2
Sure you can. Private schools, private roads, private insurance, private firefighting, private healthcare, private charity, private armies, ….the model of voluntarily exchange for such services has been in effect since time immemorial.


The reality is that without some sort of centralised, democratically-elected regulator these private industries will effectively be the state by another name, making all the rules, with little to no accountability, and will likely lead to even more poverty, oppression, discrimination, and suffering.
frank October 17, 2022 at 15:41 #749190
Quoting NOS4A2
People would first need to shed statism as they did religion.


They do shed statism when the state system collapses as it did at the end of the Bronze Age and when Rome fell. What follows is a dark age where warlords roam around destroying everything and paying for allegiance with loot.

The possibility of creating technology, universities, science, artists, philosophers, etc. only opens up when people adapt to the emergence of states again.
Isaac October 17, 2022 at 16:14 #749200
Quoting NOS4A2
I thought it was the superior man’s property.


No, I thought it was the superior man's property, you thought it was the property of the one who tilled it. Thus we disagreed as to whose property it was.

You were about to enlighten me as to how we resolve that dispute between you, me, and the 7 million other people who have a legitimate say in what you (or I) do with our piece of rainforest without any formal system of representation.
Paine October 17, 2022 at 16:15 #749201
Quoting NOS4A2
I’ve never read Ayn Rand. That’s the hilarious part of the accusation.


There is a strong resemblance between your views regarding what amounts to the 'collective' and how that is opposed by an ethos of the individual as the measure of value:

Ayn Rand, Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology, Concepts of Consciousness:Since a value is that which one acts to gain and/or keep, and the amount of possible action is the duration of one's lifespan, it is a part of one's life that one invests in everything one values. The years, months, days or hours of thought, of interest, of action devoted to a value are the currency with which one pays for the enjoyment one receives from.


What I can gather from your exposition goes further than this ethos and calls for a change in the future world order, perhaps something along the lines of: The Sovereign Individual: Mastering the Transition to the Information Age

Or perhaps your view of the state as an ideology is a peculiar interpretation of Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals

The way that you phrase it, 'why must you be governed' presupposes it is personal choice rather than a condition that is either necessary or not. You have yet to explain how this came to be a matter of choice
NOS4A2 October 18, 2022 at 04:18 #749358
Reply to Paine

I don’t view the state as an ideology. I view statism as an ideology. Also, I do not nor have not called for a change in the future world order. I suppose my defense of basic human rights could be boiled down to the promotion of manners, in a Nietzschean sort of way. The state is the coldest of all monsters, and all that.

I just thought it was an interesting question. I think it is extremely rare that people think they need to be governed, as if they had no conscience, manners, or instinct. This so-called social contract is where all the egoism begins. It’s a compact made with oneself, after all: “I will be governed so that you will be governed”. Like Rousseau said, it involves the complete alienation of the individual, together with all his rights, to the whole community. If he has already submitted to this idea, signed the social contract so to speak, he goes too far in believing everyone else has done the same.

Since you mentioned Gasset, how he portrays the attitude of the mass-man towards the state implies a more self-seeking and egoist view than I could ever endure.

“He sees it, admires it, knows that there it is, safeguarding his existence; but he is not conscious of the fact that it is a human creation invented by certain men and upheld by certain virtues and fundamental qualities which the men of yesterday had and which may vanish into air to-morrow. Furthermore, the mass-man sees in the State an anonymous power, and feeling himself, like it, anonymous, he believes that the State is something of his own”

…

“The mass says to itself, “L’ État, c’est moi,” which is a complete mistake. The state is the mass only in the sense in which it can be said of two men that they are identical because neither of them is named John. The contemporary State and the mass coincide only in being anonymous. But the mass-man does in fact believe that he is the State, and he will tend more and more to set its machinery working on whatsoever pretext, to crush beneath it any creative minority which disturbs it—disturbs it in any order of things: in politics, in ideas, in industry.”


Silvia parmigiani October 18, 2022 at 11:22 #749453
Honestly I agree with you. I am against being governed. Especially in this way. I feel that this type of govenement, the same you described, is only the control of individuals through fear, fear of being punished. Its morals aren't real as they are not based on free will. We behave correctly in a society because we don't want to be punished. I don't feel like this is the way I want to live, considering that human beings have their own internal morality and, especially as adults, already know how to live and how to behave.
NOS4A2 October 18, 2022 at 13:25 #749470
Reply to Isaac

No, I thought it was the superior man's property, you thought it was the property of the one who tilled it. Thus we disagreed as to whose property it was.

You were about to enlighten me as to how we resolve that dispute between you, me, and the 7 million other people who have a legitimate say in what you (or I) do with our piece of rainforest without any formal system of representation.


Only a formal system of representation could come up with something like the Enclosure acts or the Decree on Land. Someone mentioned the Amazon earlier, and one can watch the formal system of representation sell the rainforest to the highest bidder, while all traditional and tribal claims are disregarded.

The resolution to the dispute between you and I is inevitably violence. Your claims to my garden are unreasonable; you seek to destroy what I have built and use to sustain myself; you refuse any peaceful resolutions. You’ll just have to come and take it.
Paine October 18, 2022 at 16:40 #749511
Reply to NOS4A2
Well, that reply helps me distinguish your view from some kind of hyper libertarian credo.

The emergence of 'egoism' is where I question how the 'contract' is one that can be accepted or declined as an available option as you have described it. To have declined it at the beginning would mean continuing life lived as the 'natural man', antecedent to both ancient and modern societies. The life of the "mass man's" relation to the state is a modern problem. Rousseau, however, frames a theoretical origin of society in an inaccessible past.

That inquiry into the prehistorical brings out the contrast between such an initial contract and your speculation: "Perhaps the State is all that holds them from returning to some state of nature, like beasts." The ideology that supports a particular state is not the only form of association. If humans were dissolved back into a prehistory where all the agreements had to be made all over again, the 'statism' you describe would not be one of the options. The exchange for absolute liberty for life in a community could only be declined by a life of perfect solitude. We come back to where Aristotle said the only creatures that can live alone are either beasts or gods.

As the emergence from prehistory is not available to us as a given fact, speculation about it becomes a collection of origin stories. Rousseau's story intimates that there is something like a god in the natural man that is still alive even when in bondage. Locke speaks of an original politic that is available to us if we make the right conditions. Hobbes says that we only developed our better natures through association.

This conversation is reminding me that I haven't read Rousseau's Discourse on the Origin of Inequality in over twenty years. I am going to give it another go.
NOS4A2 October 18, 2022 at 19:48 #749576
Reply to Paine

The conquest theory of state, as I believe it anyways, is wholly influenced by Franz Oppenheimer’s The State. It’s a refreshing deviation from the social contract theory. Anyways, thanks for the input and non-hostile discussion.
Paine October 18, 2022 at 20:25 #749583
Reply to NOS4A2
The pleasure was mine. I will check out Oppenheimer.
praxis October 19, 2022 at 02:16 #749654
Quoting NOS4A2
Perhaps the State is all that holds them from returning to some state of nature, like beasts.


No, not like beasts. "Civilized" societies are more bestial. Statehood only took hold, it should be noted, in places where it could not be escaped.
Isaac October 19, 2022 at 05:46 #749694
Quoting NOS4A2
The resolution to the dispute between you and I is inevitably violence. Your claims to my garden are unreasonable


Well there you have your answer. You, apparently, do not need to be governed, but I do because my behaviour is unreasonable. As you said...

Quoting NOS4A2
It’s always someone else.


The utter stupidity of the question (as @Mikie has already pointed out) is that of course you don't think you need to be governed because you have your ideas of what right and wrong are and hopefully do what's right. The question of government is what you do with everyone else. Do you just (as you would) fight them, or do you come up with more peaceful ways of settling differences?

Most opt for the latter, using a system of representatives and agreeing that enforcing the will of the majority of those representatives is grim but necessary alternative to us all just fighting it out.

Your thread seems nothing more than another "wouldn't the world be great if everyone just agreed with me"
NOS4A2 October 19, 2022 at 13:10 #749739
Reply to Isaac

I don’t think you need to be governed. I think you’re an adult. I think your unreasonableness and propensity towards destroying another’s property is a silly ruse. Even your “system of representatives” would laugh in your face about your claims to my property.

You know I would choose peaceful resolutions because I suggested peaceful resolutions, but you wouldn’t accept and would run to authorities, like “most people”. You would prefer a third party, the monopoly on violence, to fill in where your own morals and conscience and deliberation wouldn’t. You need other men to do what you are unable.
Isaac October 19, 2022 at 13:22 #749740
Quoting NOS4A2
I think your unreasonableness and propensity towards destroying another’s property is a silly ruse.


Ah, back to the old "you agree with me really" argument. Your inability to imagine how other people might hold different views to you is your problem alone.

Quoting NOS4A2
Even your “system of representatives” would laugh in your face about your claims to my property.


As they would yours. Our current “system of representatives” tends to assume the holder of the appropriate legal document is the owner.

Quoting NOS4A2
You know I would choose peaceful resolutions because I suggested peaceful resolutions


You've suggested nothing of the sort. I asked you how the 7 billion people with a legitimate interest in the use of the rainforest might peacefully resolve their differences with the legal owners who are currently destroying it (by cultivation, ironically), you've given me absolutely zip.

Quoting NOS4A2
You would prefer a third party, the monopoly on violence, to fill in where your own morals and conscience and deliberation wouldn’t.


It's not my morals and deliberation they're standing in for, it's the strength of my arm. I'm 56, and though I'd give you fair clip round the ear, I'm going to need some backup to take your garden.

So...

The agricultural companies in the rainforest till the land and claim it thereby as theirs. 7 billion people, preferring oxygen to soya, claim "hey, we were using that just as it was". Now what?



Mikie October 19, 2022 at 14:37 #749747
Reply to Isaac

But Reagan said “government is the problem.”

End of discussion.

Another fruitful thread with the sociopathic corporatist.
Baden October 19, 2022 at 20:24 #749819
Quoting NOS4A2
I think it is extremely rare that people think they need to be governed, as if they had no conscience, manners, or instinct.


Where do you think conscience and manners arise from? Do you think they're magic universals breathed into our beings by sole virtue of us being human? Isn't it obvious they're socially contextualized with part of that context being that we live in highly structured states? The Plains Indians were about as close to stateless as described by your delusional utopia. As it happens, they tortured their enemies to death as a matter of routine. Yes, they had consciences and manners, just not any that someone like yourself, riddled with state morality, would recognize.

Quoting Silvia parmigiani
I don't feel like this is the way I want to live, considering that human beings have their own internal morality and, especially as adults, already know how to live and how to behave.


Reads like satire.

Baden October 19, 2022 at 20:37 #749824
NOS should write a post-apocalyptic movie script where everyone is polite to each other and everything works out just fine and dandy. He can call it "Nice Max".
Paine October 19, 2022 at 21:22 #749837
I started reading Oppenheimer’s The State. A problem appears early in the Preface:

Quoting Oppenheimer, The State
The community, to use Toennies' term, changed into a "society." "Contract" seemed to be the only bond that held men together--the contract based on the purely rationalistic' relation of service for service the do ut des, the "Contraf Social" of Rousseau. A "society" would thus: appear to be a union of self-seeking individuals who hoped through combination to obtain their personal satisfactions, Aristotle had taught that the State had developed, by gradual growth, from the family group. The Stoics and Epicureans held individuals formed the State--with this difference, that the former viewed the individual as being socially inclined by nature, and the latter that he was naturally antisocial.


While that description of exchange might apply to Locke's 'natural' community, it is a complete misrepresentation of Rousseau's understanding of the natural man. The second part of the Discourse on the Origin and the Foundations of Inequality Among Men begins with:

Quoting Jean Jacques Rousseau, translated by Ian Johnston
The first man who, after enclosing a piece of land, got the idea of saying This is mine and found people simple enough to believe him was the true founder of civil society. What crimes, what wars, what murders, what miseries and horrors would someone have spared the human race by pulling out the stakes or filling in the ditch and crying out to his fellows, “Stop listening to this imposter. You are lost if you forget that the fruits of the land belong to everyone and the earth belongs to no one.” But it appears very likely that by this time things had already come to the point where they could no longer continue as they were. For this idea of property depends on many previous ideas that could only have arisen in succession and thus was not formed in the human mind all at once. A good deal of progress was necessary: men had to acquire significant industry and enlightenment, and transmit and increase them from one era to the next, before arriving at this last stage in the state of nature. So let us take up these matters from the beginning and try to gather from a single perspective this slow sequence of events and knowledge in their most natural order.


The introduction of transactions between 'self-seeking individuals' is the beginning of inequality. The terms of that change from natural to social is the "Contract" Rousseau is referring to, not a deal between free agents for mutual gain.

Rousseau specifically addresses the difference of agency on either side of the contract in his discussion of amour propre. Here is a note of his on the matter:

ibid.:(15) One must not confuse amour propre with amour de soi-même, two very different passions in their natures and in their effects. Amour de soi-même is a natural feeling that inclines every animal to see to its own preservation and which, guided in man by reason and modified by pity, produces humanity and virtue. Amour propre is only a relative feeling, factitious and born in society, which inclines each individual to be preoccupied with himself more than with anyone else, which inspires in men all the evils they do to each other, and which is the real source of honour.

Once this is well understood, I say that in our primitive condition, in the true state of nature, amour propre does not exist. For since each individual man looks at himself as the only spectator who observes him, as the only being in the universe who takes an interest in him, and as the only judge of his own merit, it is impossible that a sentiment that originates from comparisons, which he has no inclination to make, could spring up in his soul. For the same reason, this man could have neither hatred nor desire for vengeance, passions that can arise only from the feeling of some offense he has received. And since it is scorn or the intention to harm and not the evil itself that constitutes the offense, men who do not know either how to assess or to compare themselves can commit a great deal of violence against each other when there is some advantage to them in doing so, without ever offending each other. In a word, since each man hardly looks at his fellow men except in the way he would look at animals of a different species, he can carry off the prey of the weaker man or yield his to the stronger, without seeing these acts of plunder as anything other than natural events, without the least impulse of insolence or bitterness and without any passion other than the pain or joy at a good or a bad outcome.


Oppenheimer does go on to make interesting observations of how the 'state of nature' philosophers were used for other than their intended purposes but that is not worth pursuing until this fundamental mistake is addressed.

.
Outlander October 19, 2022 at 21:47 #749852
Quoting NOS4A2
Why must you be governed?


Because I was born into a society. That society that allowed the events of my safe birth to take place did not arise organically and is not a permanent, intrinsic feature of reality. Long story short, people think "biting the hand that feeds them" doesn't apply after it already did and allowed them to possess some semblance of independence. Doesn't work that way. In terms folks like that would best understand, every habitable inch on Earth is "taken" by people who vote "society" and they outnumber you. Sorry. lol
Baden October 19, 2022 at 21:57 #749854
Keep in mind, anyone tempted to give this thread an ounce of respect, NOS's mannerly folks with consciences who wouldn't dream of messing with your garden and who resolve all disputes through the friendly use of reason and so don't require authorities to control them include his neighbourly libertarian buddies who ran riot at the Capitol, beating up police officers and threatening to kill those inside... Because an angry orange man told them to.
Tom Storm October 19, 2022 at 22:06 #749859
Reply to Baden I think there were very fine people on both sides, Baden.

Is it the case that this kind of political discussion hinges mostly on a judgement made about human behavior?
Paine October 19, 2022 at 22:07 #749860
Reply to Baden
Are you saying that when he told me:

Quoting NOS4A2
Also, I do not nor have not called for a change in the future world order.


that he was not being honest?

Baden October 19, 2022 at 22:33 #749867
Quoting Tom Storm
Is it the case that this kind of political discussion hinges mostly on a judgement made about human behavior?


It hinges on a fairly basic understanding of human behaviour, biology, society, culture, and history. There is no "manners" or "conscience" DNA that separates us from other humans who routinely tortured, raped and killed each other when it was to their advantage to do so. Our sense of ourselves as subjects, our experience of individuality, and our sense of morality may vary but are predominantly socially constructed. And the state is an intrinsic part of the social machine that has constructed us. It's entirely disingenuous then for this manufactured subject to imagine it can lift itself out of its own moral boots by its own moral bootstraps and declare it has no need of the source from and through which it speaks in any coherent moral tongue.

Quoting Paine
that he was not being honest?


:zip:



Baden October 19, 2022 at 22:42 #749869
Incidentally, the fact that people in states have the luxury of presuming that people in general are cooperative and kind etc and can get along without states, as @NOS4A2 supposedly believes, is itself a great argument for the existence of states. This pollyannaish illusion could never last long without them.
Tom Storm October 19, 2022 at 22:43 #749870
Reply to Baden Yes it seems so to me too. Nicely worded.

Outlander October 19, 2022 at 23:02 #749876
Quoting Baden
anyone tempted to give this thread an ounce of respect


You learn to separate the art from the artist. After all, were it not for the hectic world we live in and the idiosyncrasies it creates within ourselves we arguably wouldn't need art to begin with. A major unexamined tenet of popular non-deistic theist belief is in few words the idea that anything created or used for malice or ill-intent is or will ultimately be used for good (ie. workers of inequity produce naught, the lion will lay with the lamb, etc) and so encourage people to look for the good in everything and everyone, if not for strategic purposes and advancement of positive social change. Looking at things that way, that's not so bad now is it?

Not why should men be governed, but why must we be? It's a fair question, if not situation dependent. One asked by many an oppressed, decent man. Some of the obvious answers that may come to mind ie. burden sharing, united we stand divided we fall, teamwork makes the dream work, etc. may start to fall short to honest inquiry derived from pondering the numerous travesties committed by governments over the years as well as other, simpler forms of civilization that - while they were around - seemed to have done "just fine" with their own socially-derived customs and practices that purportedly kept most of the negative occurrences mentioned as rationale by supporters of "big government" at bay.

So, why must we be governed?
Baden October 19, 2022 at 23:15 #749884
Reply to Outlander

I don't object to a charitable reworking of the thread. And hey, the plasticity of individual morality and social norms in the face of varying societal and environmental contexts is an indelible mark of the adaptivity that has made us the undisputed kings of the animal kingdom. So, we need not be governed but we are better when we are if we define "better" by such prosaic considerations as security, health, life expectancy, shelter, etc. If, however, one's Trump card is "freedom" then one may take a long walk in the woods and just not come back...
Mikie October 20, 2022 at 00:15 #749898
I reiterate: it's a stupid question.

"Governed," to the corporatist, is to be forever infantilized. Might as well be asking, "Why MUST you always need mommy around?"

That's the frame. And that's why it's stupid.

NOS4A2 October 20, 2022 at 08:42 #749963
Reply to Baden

Where do you think conscience and manners arise from? Do you think they're magic universals breathed into our beings by sole virtue of us being human? Isn't it obvious they're socially contextualized with part of that context being that we live in highly structured states? The Plains Indians were about as close to stateless as described by your delusional utopia. As it happens, they tortured their enemies to death as a matter of routine. Yes, they had consciences and manners, just not any that someone like yourself, riddled with state morality, would recognize.


And there we have it. “State morality”.

Personally, I wasn’t raised by the state, nor did I socialize with bureaucrats and politicians in my formative years. We have tried law, compulsion, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, and statism of various kinds, but the result is nothing to be proud of.
Baden October 20, 2022 at 09:02 #749971
Reply to Mikie

It is interesting though to poke at this sentiment: Why must you be governed? I have manners and conscience, which are constant and impregnable, you clearly do not. Isn't this self-righteous "I", reflected in the social, the kernel of all "us" vs "them" mentalities? No doubt many of the rioters that attacked the Capitol believe they don't need to be governed, that they have manners and consciences, and were doing only what was necessary to protect themselves from the corrupt "other" and its "state morality". Sweep them back in time and they are a tribe of Plains Indians or Vikings, fully equipped with manners, consciences, and compassion (for their own), securing and protecting their interests; the torture, rape, and terror only a different level of necessity. We may even turn NOS's thesis on its head and say those who say they don't need to be governed, demonstrate the need for governance most as their projection on themselves of a false exception proves most pointedly the need for common rules. Of course, I don't need to be governed, I am of divine moral purity and have no need for state morality; it is you, the plebs, the evil ones, who require external constraints...
Baden October 20, 2022 at 09:04 #749972
Quoting NOS4A2
We have tried law .... but the result is nothing to be proud of.


Please remember this line the next time you try to pull your "law and order" stuff. Not so much "defund the police" as just get rid of them completely. It'll be fine, really. :lol:

NOS4A2 October 20, 2022 at 12:54 #750025
Reply to Baden

It is interesting though to poke at this sentiment: Why must you be governed? I have manners and conscience, which are constant and impregnable, you clearly do not. Isn't this self-righteous "I", reflected in the social, the kernel of all "us" vs "them" mentalities? No doubt many of the rioters that attacked the Capitol believe they don't need to be governed, that they have manners and consciences, and were doing only what was necessary to protect themselves from the corrupt "other" and its "state morality". Sweep them back in time and they are a tribe of Plains Indians or Vikings, fully equipped with manners, consciences, and compassion (for their own), securing and protecting their interests; the torture, rape, and terror only a different level of necessity. We may even turn NOS's thesis on its head and say those who say they don't need to be governed, demonstrate the need for governance most as their projection on themselves of a false exception proves most pointedly the need for common rules. Of course, I don't need to be governed, I am of divine moral purity and have no need for state morality; it is you, the plebs, the evil ones, who require external constraints...


That’s an odd projection, especially since I have already admitted that I do not believe people actually need or want to be governed, that they wish only for others to be governed. The answers to the question have confirmed my suspicions. You keep mentioning the violence of aboriginals and Vikings, for instance, which serves as a good reminder that people need states to protect them the barbarians at the gates. It’s invariably someone else who needs to be governed.

I have also explicitly assumed people here are adults, that they have fully developed moralities, so much so that I wager their professed hostility to another’s property is fake.
Baden October 20, 2022 at 13:02 #750029
Quoting NOS4A2
they have fully developed moralities


What is a "fully developed morality" and where does it come from under your view? Do you see it as present in most human adults in roughly equal proportion regardless of historical, cultural and political context? Or what are you trying to say? Please elaborate.

NOS4A2 October 20, 2022 at 13:14 #750031
Reply to Baden

I assume that adults have some semblance of right and wrong which they develop as they age.
Baden October 20, 2022 at 13:19 #750033
Reply to NOS4A2

I'll repeat the question:

What is a "fully developed morality" and where does it come from under your view? Do you see it as present in most human adults in roughly equal proportion regardless of historical, cultural and political context?

If you can't answer this, you have no basis for anything you've said here.

NOS4A2 October 20, 2022 at 13:23 #750034
Reply to Baden

A fully developed morality is a set of principles of conduct and behavior. It develops as one ages. Yes.
Baden October 20, 2022 at 13:25 #750036
Reply to NOS4A2

Again, you are saying nothing. Obviously morality pertains to conduct and behaviour and develops with age.

Here's the question:

Quoting Baden
What is a "fully developed morality" and where does it come from under your view? Do you see it as present in most human adults in roughly equal proportion regardless of historical, cultural and political context?


Address the role of social, political and historical context re morality. Address its origin.



Mikie October 20, 2022 at 13:29 #750038
Quoting Baden
It is interesting though to poke at this sentiment: Why must you be governed?


Eh, it’s the same nonsense dressed up in different clothes. Government bad. Individual good. Statism. Fruits of one’s labor. Taxes. :yawn:

All you have to do is look at the results: voting for and defending the likes of Donald Trump. The rest is just elaborate rationalizations.
Baden October 20, 2022 at 13:30 #750040
Quoting Mikie
elaborate rationalizations.


I wish. There's not even that. So far, utterly devoid of developed arguments. Says stuff, doesn't know what he's saying, can't back it up. Two-dimensionally political from every angle. That's why his threads are generally a waste of time.
Mikie October 20, 2022 at 13:32 #750041
Reply to Baden

Well you only say this because you’re a statist, blinded by statist indoctrination.

Statism. That’s the real enemy.

There— I just summed up this thread. And every one of his threads. One-trick pony.
NOS4A2 October 20, 2022 at 13:38 #750044
Reply to Baden

I wish. There's not even that. So far, utterly devoid of arguments. Says stuff, doesn't know what he's saying, can't back it up. Two-dimensionally political from every angle. That's why his threads are generally a waste of time.


And here you both are, wasting your time, in everyone of my threads. I just want to talk about this stuff. Why are you both here?
Baden October 20, 2022 at 13:41 #750045
Reply to Mikie

NOS was brought up in a state all his life, enjoyed all the benefits, but somehow managed to avoid getting one of those "state moralities" that he says we have. He seems to consider his non-state morality to be one of those things you can just refuse to define and whose origins require no theory or explanation. And in the same breath claims:

Quoting NOS4A2
I just want to talk about this stuff.


The evidence suggests otherwise. But we'll try again for the third time.

Quoting Baden
What is a "fully developed morality" and where does it come from under your view? Do you see it as present in most human adults in roughly equal proportion regardless of historical, cultural and political context?
— Baden

Address the role of social, political and historical context re morality. Address its origin.




NOS4A2 October 20, 2022 at 13:43 #750047
Reply to Baden

This isn’t an interview. I’ve expressed my views and you can shit on them all you want. If you wish to speak in the topic I’m all ears.
Baden October 20, 2022 at 13:44 #750051
Reply to NOS4A2

If you're unable to answer pertinent questions on a thread you started, don't start the thread. Anyhow, I'm out and will leave moderation to others.
Mikie October 20, 2022 at 13:46 #750052
Quoting NOS4A2
I just want to talk about this stuff.


Quoting NOS4A2
This isn’t an interview.


:up:
NOS4A2 October 20, 2022 at 14:02 #750062
Questions answered twice. You didn’t answer the questions. Now let us talk about you as if you weren’t here. Cringe.
praxis October 20, 2022 at 19:41 #750185
Quoting NOS4A2
Questions answered twice.


True, but answered so badly as to be completely meaningless. It appears as though you cannot answer the questions. That's fine of course, but it looks rather silly to pretend that you can answer meaningfully or reasonably.
Mikie October 21, 2022 at 00:03 #750270
Quoting NOS4A2
Questions answered twice.


Quoting Baden
What is a "fully developed morality" and where does it come from under your view? Do you see it as present in most human adults in roughly equal proportion regardless of historical, cultural and political context?


Quoting Baden
Please elaborate.


Quoting NOS4A2
I assume that adults have some semblance of right and wrong which they develop as they age.


Quoting Baden
I'll repeat the question:

What is a "fully developed morality" and where does it come from under your view?


Quoting NOS4A2
A fully developed morality is a set of principles of conduct and behavior. It develops as one ages. Yes.


Quoting Baden
Here's the question:

What is a "fully developed morality" and where does it come from under your view? Do you see it as present in most human adults in roughly equal proportion regardless of historical, cultural and political context?
— Baden

Address the role of social, political and historical context re morality. Address its origin.


Quoting NOS4A2
This isn’t an interview.


:lol:
NOS4A2 October 21, 2022 at 01:04 #750278
Reply to praxis

Here’s how it works. You write a long clarification of misrepresented views like this:

That’s an odd projection, especially since I have already admitted that I do not believe people actually need or want to be governed, that they wish only for others to be governed. The answers to the question have confirmed my suspicions. You keep mentioning the violence of aboriginals and Vikings, for instance, which serves as a good reminder that people need states to protect them the barbarians at the gates. It’s invariably someone else who needs to be governed.

I have also explicitly assumed people here are adults, that they have fully developed moralities, so much so that I wager their professed hostility to another’s property is fake.


You find a clause—not even a full sentence or argument—quote it out of context and shift focus so people like praxis and Xtrix have something to play with because they cannot offer much else. Sophistry doesn’t work on everyone, unfortunately.
praxis October 21, 2022 at 01:48 #750281
Reply to NOS4A2

Even to simply point out theory’s, like Kohlberg's theory of moral development, or more contemporary theories like moral foundations theory, would be a more meaningful response to the question than, and I quote, “A fully developed morality is a set of principles of conduct and behavior. It develops as one ages

And no, this isn’t an interview, but I like to think that we’re at least marginally more interested in truth seeking than we are in playing stupid games.
frank October 21, 2022 at 20:22 #750450
Reply to NOS4A2
Are you dreaming of the kind of world Marx thought we were headed toward? No governments? We're just not ready for that yet. All attempts so far to build communist nations failed disastrously.
jorndoe October 22, 2022 at 07:08 #750509
Kind of thought this sounded neat:

Quoting Saul Alinsky (1909—1972) in 1971
People cannot be free unless they are willing to sacrifice some of their interests to guarantee the freedom of others.


Goes well with this and this, too.
NOS4A2 October 22, 2022 at 14:17 #750595
Reply to frank

I would prefer a government that doesn’t operate as a criminal organization, a monopoly, and an anti-social institution.
frank October 22, 2022 at 16:05 #750609
Quoting NOS4A2
I would prefer a government that doesn’t operate as a criminal organization, a monopoly, and an anti-social institution.


I think Marx felt the same way.
frank October 22, 2022 at 16:08 #750610
Reply to NOS4A2

"The long-term goal of world communism is an unlimited worldwide communist society that is classless, (lacking any exploitation of man by man), moneyless, (lacking a need for currency to regulate human behavior), and stateless, (lacking any violent compulsion of man by man)"

-- Wikipedia
NOS4A2 October 22, 2022 at 16:57 #750614
Reply to frank

I think Marx felt the same way.


So did many great thinkers. But he proposed achieving such ends through statist means. That’s why it has never worked, and we see that communist states are some of the most totalitarian in history.
frank October 22, 2022 at 17:10 #750617
Quoting NOS4A2
So did many great thinkers. But he proposed achieving such ends through statist means. That’s why it has never worked, and we see that communist states are some of the most totalitarian in history.


Exactly. Were there non-statist means to achieve the non-state that you had in mind?
NOS4A2 October 22, 2022 at 17:48 #750625
Reply to frank

The prevalence and ubiquity of an institution is due to the state of mind that prevails towards it, the set of ideas in which men tend think about it. We only need to stop thinking in statist terms and the rest will follow.
frank October 22, 2022 at 17:52 #750626
Reply to NOS4A2

I see. I'm not holding my breath.
jorndoe October 22, 2022 at 18:36 #750632
Quoting NOS4A2
That’s why it has never worked


I'm not convinced communism is realistic or feasible in general, at least not as the political philosophers mused, perhaps, in some respects, going all the way back to Plato's "Republic".

In small communities like kibbutzes, sure.

Yet, communism (again, like the philosophers mused) requires a kind of homogeneity or participation, which might explain why it has consistently failed in large communities.

The philosophers thought in terms of flattened class structure, proletariat rule, all that.

Supposed communist countries tend to become something else, something that (to me anyway) is a far cry from what the philosophers envisioned.

NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 05:30 #750693
Reply to jorndoe

I think you’re right on that one, and well said. It might be feasible if there is some degree of voluntary participation. But wherever Engels and Lenin proposed that the state would whither away has proven the opposite. It has only grown in power, and in inverse proportion to social power.

Lenin was right about the state as an apparatus of coercion, and noted it’s evil and exploitation; he was right that a state is unnecessary in a moral man; but his socialism as a necessary state of transition between capitalism and communism has proven worse than what came before it. People cannot be coerced towards a moral code, especially if you elect your revolution upon the skeleton of authoritarian institutions, where its essential functions of exploitation, control, and confiscation remain.

The communists of today still see the state as the apparatus that will emancipate the proletariat and help usher in communism, a la Lenin. We can call it state socialism or state capitalism, but it’s always state intervention on a totalitarian scale. In a way, it is what they imagined.
frank October 23, 2022 at 13:13 #750752
Quoting NOS4A2
Lenin was right about the state as an apparatus of coercion, and noted it’s evil and exploitation; he was right that a state is unnecessary in a moral man;


I think the founders of the US would have agreed for the most part. Their goal was to leave government some distance from the average person's life.

Their vision didn't work in the end though, due to the massive immorality of slavery. As I said, as a species, we're not ready to live without states.
Mikie October 23, 2022 at 13:43 #750756

When the world’s two great propaganda systems agree on some doctrine, it requires some intellectual effort to escape its shackles. One such doctrine is that the society created by Lenin and Trotsky and moulded further by Stalin and his successors has some relation to socialism in some meaningful or historically accurate sense of this concept. In fact, if there is a relation, it is the relation of contradiction.

It is clear enough why both major propaganda systems insist upon this fantasy. Since its origins, the Soviet State has attempted to harness the energies of its own population and oppressed people elsewhere in the service of the men who took advantage of the popular ferment in Russia in 1917 to seize State power. One major ideological weapon employed to this end has been the claim that the State managers are leading their own society and the world towards the socialist ideal; an impossibility, as any socialist — surely any serious Marxist — should have understood at once (many did), and a lie of mammoth proportions as history has revealed since the earliest days of the Bolshevik regime. The taskmasters have attempted to gain legitimacy and support by exploiting the aura of socialist ideals and the respect that is rightly accorded them, to conceal their own ritual practice as they destroyed every vestige of socialism.

As for the world’s second major propaganda system, association of socialism with the Soviet Union and its clients serves as a powerful ideological weapon to enforce conformity and obedience to the State capitalist institutions, to ensure that the necessity to rent oneself to the owners and managers of these institutions will be regarded as virtually a natural law, the only alternative to the ‘socialist’ dungeon.

The Soviet leadership thus portrays itself as socialist to protect its right to wield the club, and Western ideologists adopt the same pretense in order to forestall the threat of a more free and just society. This joint attack on socialism has been highly effective in undermining it in the modern period.


Figured it be refreshing to post something from someone who knows what their talking about.
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 15:01 #750764
Reply to frank

I think the founders of the US would have agreed for the most part. Their goal was to leave government some distance from the average person's life.

Their vision didn't work in the end though, due to the massive immorality of slavery. As I said, as a species, we're not ready to live without states.


How much is the state involved in your day-to-day?
frank October 23, 2022 at 15:12 #750765
Quoting NOS4A2
How much is the state involved in your day-to-day?


Pretty pervasively.
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 15:21 #750766
Reply to frank

Do you require their presence?
frank October 23, 2022 at 15:39 #750770
Quoting NOS4A2
Do you require their presence?


Yes. I'm a healthcare worker. Without the massive load of regulations and financial support for healthcare, my profession wouldn't exist.
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 15:48 #750771
Reply to frank

So they are not actually present or involved in your day-to-day.
frank October 23, 2022 at 15:53 #750773
Quoting NOS4A2
So they are not actually present or involved in your day-to-day.


Present as in Biden texting me about stuff? No?
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 15:56 #750774
Reply to frank

Yes. You can operate in your day-to-day without some authority telling you what to do.
frank October 23, 2022 at 16:07 #750776
Quoting NOS4A2
Yes. You can operate in your day-to-day without some authority telling you what to do.


No. One of the main ways the US government controls healthcare is by Medicare funding. Few hospitals in America could run without it. In order to secure those funds, every hospital is careful to follow CMS rules, and JCAHO requirements. I acknowledge their authority to intimately guide my actions, and as a result, I am licensed.

NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 16:29 #750784
Reply to frank

You follow their rules for funding, not because you require an authority to govern your life. Presumably you would follow the rules according to any source of funding, not just state funding?
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 16:42 #750790
Quoting NOS4A2
We only need to stop thinking in statist terms and the rest will follow.


A fine example of magic thinking. Or it is magic not thinking?
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 16:45 #750791
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 16:47 #750792
Reply to NOS4A2

Good question! What follows from not thinking in terms of the state?
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 16:49 #750793
Reply to Fooloso4

If you lost your faith in religion would you still go to church?
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 16:51 #750794
Quoting NOS4A2
If you lost your faith in religion would you still go to church?


If you lost your faith in the state wouldn't you still live in the state? It's institutions, its laws, its power would remain as they are.
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 17:00 #750797
Reply to Fooloso4

I’m not so sure about that. The Catholic Church, once the most dominant influence in the west, has no such power. Centuries of “reformation” is all it took.
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 17:07 #750801
Quoting NOS4A2
Centuries of “reformation” is all it took.


So is your argument that "we only need to stop thinking in statist terms and the rest will follow" in a few centuries of "reformation"?
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 17:09 #750802
Reply to Fooloso4

Sure. If you have a better idea I’m all ears.
frank October 23, 2022 at 17:26 #750808
Quoting NOS4A2
You follow their rules for funding, not because you require an authority to govern your life. Presumably you would follow the rules according to any source of funding, not just state funding?


I require the funding, so I follow the rules, plus following the rules saves lives.

There isn't any source of funding other than the government, not that could do what Medicare does.
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 17:30 #750809
Reply to NOS4A2

A better idea than thinking that not thinking in statist terms will lead to a "reformation" in a few centuries that will do away with the state?

Well since you are convinced we should do away with the state, thinking in terms of how to do away with it and what to replace it with. I dont see how you could do the former without thinking in terms of the state, which is not the same as your misguided, myoptic, caricature of the state, and the latter cannot be accomplished by replacing people as they are with people as you want them to be.

You position reminds me of that of a privledged child who wishes mommy and daddy would just go away so he could do whatever he wants.
frank October 23, 2022 at 17:33 #750810
Quoting Fooloso4
You position reminds me of that of a privledged child who wishes mommy and daddy would just go away so he could do whatever he wants.


Your position sounds like that of a person who can't think through an issue.
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 17:35 #750812
Reply to frank

If one thinks through an issue it should be apparent that despite the restrictions imposed by the state we enjoy many benefits that most would not be willing to give up.
frank October 23, 2022 at 17:39 #750814
Quoting Fooloso4
If one thinks through an issue it should be apparent that despite the restrictions imposed by the state we enjoy many benefits that most would not be willing to give up.


His question is whether people need state governance in order to enjoy those things. Marx said ultimately, no. What do you say?
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 17:44 #750815
Reply to frank

Historically, hospitals have been funded from many sources, much of which were not from the government.
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 17:44 #750816
Reply to Fooloso4

I’m not convinced we should do without the state. I’m only convinced the state should not operate like a criminal organization.

Your position reminds me of the happy slave myth.
frank October 23, 2022 at 17:50 #750818
Quoting NOS4A2
Historically, hospitals have been funded from many sources, much of which were not from the government.


Which lives would you like to stop saving so we can go back to historic practices?
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 17:52 #750819
Reply to frank

I was speaking of funding, not practices. I assume that had you worked in one of those places you wouldn’t require a public authority to govern your day-to-day.
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 17:53 #750820
Reply to frank

NOS has faith in what he calls a

Quoting NOS4A2
fully developed morality


If all or even most people were self-governing then there would be no need for governments. Do you share his faith?




NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 17:56 #750822
Reply to Fooloso4

You didn’t develop any ideas, principles, and corresponding behaviors as you grew up? How do you survive?
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 17:57 #750823
Quoting NOS4A2
I’m only convinced the state should not operate like a criminal organization.


So is it that you are not opposed to statism but rather to particular practices of the state?

Quoting NOS4A2
Your position reminds me of the happy slave myth.


I have not stated a position. I recognize that we enjoy certain benefits being citizens of a state, but do not accept your view that citizens are slaves.

frank October 23, 2022 at 17:58 #750824
Quoting NOS4A2
I was speaking of funding, not practices. I assume that had you worked in one of those places you wouldn’t require a public authority to govern your day-to-day.


American healthcare, as we know it today, wouldn't be possible without Medicare funding.

You want to go back to 1960s funding, but keep the same level of care? I don't think that's going to work.



frank October 23, 2022 at 18:00 #750825
Quoting Fooloso4
If all or even most people were self-governing then there would be no need for governments. Do you share his faith?


I won't live to see it, but I heartily commend those whose optimism creates such bold visions of what we could be.
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 18:01 #750826
Quoting NOS4A2
You didn’t develop any ideas, principles, and corresponding behaviors as you grew up? How do you survive?


I did, but did so within a state that promoted equality and the values of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is evident that not everyone in this state abides by these principles, at least when it comes to how they treat others.
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 18:03 #750828
Reply to Fooloso4

So is that that you are not opposed to statism but rather to particular practices of the state?


I’m opposed to both, though I have always admitted my own statism.

I have not stated a position. I recognize that we enjoy certain benefits being citizens of a state, but do not accept your view that citizens are slaves.


Slaves had certain benefits. Their master would feed and house them, for example.
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 18:05 #750830
Reply to Fooloso4

I did, but did so within a state that promoted equality and the values of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is evident that not everyone in this state abides by these principles, at least when it comes to how they treat others.


And there is not one single value the that it hasn’t violated. It also promotes war, racism, brigandage, robbery, you name it.
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 18:05 #750831
Reply to frank

Are we to conclude from this that whatever your hope for the future may be, you recognize the need for the state today?
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 18:06 #750832
Reply to frank

American healthcare, as we know it today, wouldn't be possible without Medicare funding.

You want to go back to 1960s funding, but keep the same level of care? I don't think that's going to work.


I didn’t say I want to go back to any sort of funding, only pointing out government funding isn’t required for healthcare.
frank October 23, 2022 at 18:08 #750833
Quoting Fooloso4
Are we to conclude from this that whatever your hope for the future may be, you recognize the need for the state today?


Sure.

Quoting NOS4A2
I didn’t say I want to go back to any sort of funding, only pointing out government funding isn’t required for healthcare.


I just told you it is. Without Medicare, most US hospitals would have to close their doors.
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 18:08 #750834
Quoting NOS4A2
Slaves had certain benefits.


They do. But those who are not slaves often, but not always, enjoy greater benefits. In any case, it does follow that being a citizen is to be a slave.
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 18:08 #750835
Reply to frank

I just told you it is. Without Medicare, most US hospitals would have to close their doors.


And I just disagreed with you for the reasons I stated.
frank October 23, 2022 at 18:09 #750836
Quoting NOS4A2
And I just disagreed with you for the reasons I stated.


I don't think you're particularly well informed on the issue, then.
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 18:10 #750837
Quoting NOS4A2
And there is not one single value the that it hasn’t violated. It also promotes war, racism, brigandage, robbery, you name it.


Are you claiming that without the state these things would not occur?
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 18:16 #750839
Reply to Fooloso4

Are you claiming that without the state these things would not occur?


No, I’m just wondering if you developed ideas, principles, and corresponding behaviors in a state that promotes war, slavery, bigotry, imperialism, you name it.
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 18:18 #750840
Reply to frank

I don't think you're particularly well informed on the issue, then.


It’s a point of fact that government was not required for healthcare, only that it has developed a monopoly on it.
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 18:36 #750844
Quoting NOS4A2
I’m just wondering if you developed ideas, principles, and corresponding behaviors in a state that promotes war, slavery, bigotry, imperialism, you name it.


Yes, the United States. But since you agree that these things would occur even without the state, and that you are not convinced we should not do without the state, then your argument seems to be not that we should not think in statist terms but that the state has a legitimate role and we should think of ways to improve it.
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 18:50 #750846
Reply to Fooloso4

Authority of any kind has to prove its legitimacy, especially state authority. It hasn’t. So I don’t think it has a legitimate role, nor do I think they can be improved. I do think we should stop thinking in statist terms.
frank October 23, 2022 at 18:56 #750848
Quoting NOS4A2
It’s a point of fact that government was not required for healthcare, only that it has developed a monopoly on it.


The human species hasn't ever had the kind of healthcare we have now. It's fairly expensive stuff. Do you know of a case where contemporary, state of the art healthcare is paid for entirely privately?
Fooloso4 October 23, 2022 at 18:59 #750849
Quoting NOS4A2
Authority of any kind has to prove its legitimacy, especially state authority. It hasn’t. So I don’t think it has a legitimate role


And yet you say that we should not do without the state. Does this mean you accept that it should have a role, albeit illegitimate?
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 19:00 #750850
Reply to frank

We have private healthcare where I live. Meanwhile, our public healthcare system is collapsing.
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 19:02 #750852
Reply to Fooloso4

I think abolishing the state is a bad idea so long so long as people believe the state is required to govern their affairs.
frank October 23, 2022 at 19:03 #750853
Quoting NOS4A2
We have private healthcare where I live.


There's a private hospital? A private ICU? Privately paid heart surgery? If so, all your neighbors are deeply in debt, which is different kind of slavery.

Or it's not as privately funded as you think.
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 19:13 #750856
Reply to frank

I’m only aware of private clinics, with laws varying across provinces. Provincial laws here prohibit staying overnight in a private clinic, for example, limiting access to healthcare. Meanwhile public emergency rooms are shutting their doors, unable to hire nurses and doctors, pushing back surgeries, and so on, putting entire communities at risk.
frank October 23, 2022 at 19:26 #750859
Quoting NOS4A2
I’m only aware of private clinics


If a person has a stroke, heart attack, is severely injured in some way, etc., they'll need advanced care that probably wouldn't be available to the community if private insurance is the only source of funds.

It's a problem we've never had to deal with before. If we took the role of funder and administrator away from the government, we'd have to give it to some other entity who would be pretty much identical to the government.


frank October 23, 2022 at 19:27 #750860
Quoting NOS4A2
Meanwhile public emergency rooms are shutting their doors, unable to hire nurses and doctors, pushing back surgeries, and so on, putting entire communities at risk.


The same this happening here. It's a labor shortage.
NOS4A2 October 23, 2022 at 19:40 #750862
Reply to frank

I’m not so sure about that. If the monopoly on healthcare were to fall, I’m sure men could devise some other scheme that doesn’t involve them becoming state agents.

The shortage here is entirely state manufactured. Around 2,500 health-care employees have been fired around the province for refusing to get vaccinated, for example. This was during a time when it was all hands on deck, so to speak, the system already overwhelmed. It’s no wonder people don’t want to work there anymore. At any rate, so-called universal healthcare loses its wring when very few can access it.
frank October 23, 2022 at 20:10 #750876
Quoting NOS4A2
I’m not so sure about that. If the monopoly on healthcare were to fall, I’m sure men could devise some other scheme that doesn’t involve them becoming state agents.


Sounds like the state by some other name. This isn't the only issue where centralized control is important. Telecommunications, highways, community owned forests, defense, etc. Anytime an issue comes up that effects everyone, you're going to need something like a state. States allowed us to become what we are now.

It's either go backwards or forge ahead into the unknown. I have a feeling climate change is going to make that decision for us.

Quoting NOS4A2
The shortage here is entirely state manufactured.


It's partly state manufactured here in that the way the US addressed the pandemic turned the healthcare system upside down. Staff doesn't have to hang around and take abuse for low wages now. The pandemic sort of emancipated healthcare workers. Vaccination wasn't the issue here because people could get religious exemptions.

Quoting NOS4A2
At any rate, so-called universal healthcare loses its wring when very few can access it.


A man in the UK recently died because he couldn't get an appointment with an ENT for an ear infection. He developed a brain abscess. It was partly related to their tele-health system, but it can also take a year or two to get a non-emergent appt. with an ENT in the UK. I'm actually a little horrified at how badly state-run healthcare can be, like the doctors in the UK who decided that women don't need pain meds for birth. Some women got suicidal after delivering. :grimace:

You can't legislate compassion.