To be an atheist, but not a materialist, is completely reasonable

Bret Bernhoft September 04, 2023 at 01:30 8400 views 129 comments
I am a true atheist (as well as humanist and capitalist); someone who does not believe in or give legitimacy to the traditional concepts of gods. At the same time, I am not a materialist. Because I observe there is a happy medium between these two absolute extremes. Somewhere "a something", which is closer to the highest truths, can be unearthed, studied, understood and applied.

More simply, reality is mind/mental. Which, if true, implies (among other things) that occult studies and supernatural phenomena are (however often suppressed, dismissed and misunderstood) quite normal, natural and decent. Generally speaking.

From my perspective this philosophical intersection is completely reasonable, stable and wise; there is indeed a great deal of value to be found here. With more than enough for everyone.

Extra Context

It seems to me that both materialist atheists and every religious person on the planet, are at some degree of two ends of the same spectrum. I like to think that I am as close to the center of that polarity as I can discover. Because I have concluded it is rational to take seriously the experiences and expressions of both parties. As well as my own. And to then synthesize the truth out of that fusion of worldviews and qualia.

If my benchmark for truth and wisdom actually is "efficacy", then I'm on the correct course. Pragmatism is not unreasonable.

Comments (129)

Art48 September 04, 2023 at 01:34 #835471
I think "supernatural" is a vacuous term because we do not yet know the limits of the natural world.
We can assume some phenomenon is beyond what is naturally possible, but we cannot know that is is.
Bret Bernhoft September 04, 2023 at 01:34 #835472
Reply to Art48

I completely agree with you. The word "supernatural" is vacuous. And misleading. But it is how the unfamiliar is labeled. So it is a useful label to use here, I think.
180 Proof September 04, 2023 at 03:51 #835485
I prefer more descriptive terms like e.g. immaterial or disembodied or nonphysical or spiritual or magical ... to the umbrella term "supernatural".

Btw, back in the day, my atheism had preceded my naturalism.
RogueAI September 04, 2023 at 04:17 #835489
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
More simply, reality is mind/mental.


Do you think this is all a dream?
Bret Bernhoft September 04, 2023 at 04:21 #835490
Reply to RogueAI

More no, than yes. We certainly dream or hallucinate our realities to some extent. But freewill is real. So the ability to create change (anywhere, at will) is ultimately a matter of one's karma, awareness, discipline, desire and ability to "take the leap".

Anything is possible, and you're both The Architect and Neo from The Matrix trilogy.

We're inside of overlapping quasi-subliminal lucid dreams. Both collectively and individually.
RogueAI September 04, 2023 at 04:30 #835491
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
More no, than yes. We certainly dream or hallucinate our realities. But freewill is real. So the ability to create change anywhere is a matter of awareness.

Anything is possible, and you're both The Architect and Neo from The Matrix trilogy.


I'm an idealist too, but I don't think it works as an explanation unless there is an overarching mind/minds keeping all this from being absolute chaos. How do two minds every agree on an aspect of reality unless there's some coordination of their thoughts going on? Why am I limited in what I can do in this reality? When I occasionally lucid dream, sometimes I can fly, but I can't when I'm awake. Some limiting factor that I'm not aware of prevents this. I think a lot is going on behind the scenes and whether it's our higher selves or we're part of a collective of minds or aspects of a powerful one-mind, whatever is pulling the strings might as well be god.
Angelo Cannata September 04, 2023 at 09:28 #835526
It seems to me that all these positions have a mistake in common: they assume as a starting point, even if just hypothetical, some metaphisical views. Even when you say that reality is mental, you are still trying to orient yourself in a context of understanding how reality is. This is closely conneccted with our use of the verb "to be": whenever we use this verb, our language is implicitly conditioning our thoughts in a metaphysical way. If we analyze critically this phenomenon, we can notice that it is impossible to have any understanding about how things "are", because, when we try to do this we are trying to mirror, in our mind or in our thoughts, what and how reality is. But a mirror, just because it is a mirror, is never a faithful image of what we think is "reality". A mirror cannot even assume that reality exist, because this assumption implies a degree of correct understanding of reality, that actually is what it should give evidence of. Moreover, about all these things, we make use of logic, but logic is unable to found itself.
In this context of failure of metaphysics, mirrors and logic, I think a better context is renouncing to proceed with metaphysics and using instead just humble attempts of interpretations. Interpretation is very similar to metaphysics, but it contains a better ability to remind us the subjectivity of what we think.
Thinking about supernatural things, however we conceive them, contains a metaphisical mentality, that has not the humbleness of interpretation.
TheMadMan September 04, 2023 at 10:26 #835531
Reply to Bret Bernhoft
I don't see direct relation between Atheist/Theist and materialist/non-materialist.
Of course superficially they seem directly depended on each other but they are not.

At this point not believing the image of god created by organized religions is a sign of a healthy unconditioned mind.
Being materialist or non-materialist seems to me beyond the point of traditional religion.
It starts at a deeper point in your inquiry into reality.

Myself, I never believed in a god and never have been a materialist so when I read your post I was surprised that there was an argument needed to be made for it.
GRWelsh September 04, 2023 at 15:12 #835568
I agree simply because atheism and materialism are not synonymous, even though many people treat these two positions as if they are. As an atheist, I'm not committed to the claim that everything in reality is reducible to the material or physical. I'm open to that possibility, but not committed to it. I'm an atheist because I'm not convinced anything that would be reasonably defined as a god exists. But I've always been agnostic about materialism or physicalism, because, honestly, I just don't know if all abstractions are reducible to purely physical causes and effects. I also think it's a mistake to conflate the abstract with the supernatural. It might be that abstractions have their own sort of existence that is independent of and not reducible to the physical, and yet that doesn't necessarily prove that anything supernatural exists. Abstractions could exist as part of natural reality. Let's take mathematics, for example -- I think a good argument can be made for them having their own abstract reality that isn't reducible to physicality. But that doesn't mean anything spiritual or supernatural exists.

As a side note there can be and have been Christian materialists, and I believe Peter van Inwagen is an example of one.
Philosophim September 04, 2023 at 15:46 #835580
Well of course. Concluding something in one area does not mean you will conclude something in another area. Being an atheist doesn't make you any more intelligent or capable in reasoning, math, physics, language, etc. It just means you don't believe in a God.
Gnomon September 08, 2023 at 17:01 #836390
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
Somewhere "a something", which is closer to the highest truths, can be unearthed, studied, understood and applied.

I too, am an Atheist -- or technically an Agnostic -- but due to my philosophical explorations of "something" like Plato/Aristotle's First Cause/Prime Mover, I am often labelled a woo-monger. As you implied, Atheism & Theism are typically viewed in terms of polar opposites, with no in between. But I find plenty of room in the middle ground for philosophical probing without falling into the trap of Tribal Faith or Sophistic Scientism.
ItIsWhatItIs September 08, 2023 at 22:21 #836441
Anything but theism is “irrational,” in the strictest meaning of the word. Logic’s a-priority highlights, & doesn’t, rather can’t, falsify, theism’s truth; & “it is what it is.”
180 Proof September 08, 2023 at 23:06 #836447
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
completely reasonable

Clarify what you mean by "reasonable" in this context. Thanks.
Bret Bernhoft September 09, 2023 at 04:27 #836495
Quoting 180 Proof
Clarify what you mean by "reasonable" in this context. Thanks.


In this context, the word "reasonable" means "sound" or "obvious".
PeterJones September 10, 2023 at 12:18 #836700
In his metaphysical essay Appearance and Reality F. H. Bradley say of materialism and orthodox theology that they 'vanish like ghosts before the daylight of free sceptical enquiry'. This would be my view also. .

So being an atheists and not a materialist is a perfectly reasonable position. It better be, since it is the the position adopted by the Perennial philosophy and widely endorsed. .
unenlightened September 11, 2023 at 09:36 #836898
I am unsurprised, but nevertheless still baffled, at how far beyond our collective event horizon people are prepared to lay bets and debate the odds.

... we cannot escape the fact that the world we know is
constructed in order (and thus in such a way as to be able) to see itself.
This is indeed amazing.
Not so much in view of what it sees, although this may
appear fantastic enough, but in respect of the fact that it can see at all.
But in order to do so, evidently it must first cut itself up into at least one state which sees, and at least one other state which
is seen. In this severed and mutilated condition, whatever it
sees is only partially itself. We may take it that the world
undoubtedly is itself (i.e. is indistinct from itself), but, in any attempt to see itself as an object, it must, equally undoubtedly, act* so as to make itself distinct from, and therefore false to, itself. In this condition it will always partially elude itself.
George Spencer-Brown, Laws of Form.
flannel jesus September 11, 2023 at 10:33 #836899
Quoting unenlightened
I am unsurprised, but nevertheless still baffled, at how far beyond our collective event horizon people are prepared to lay bets and debate the odds.


Why? It seems not only natural but beneficial that people would do that - on the condition that they do it in a moderate and unzealous way. I think disagreements beyond the frontier of current science might, in some ways, literally be a driving force for the frontier of science moving forward.

Einstein was way more confident in relativity that a lot of people think he had a right to be, for example, especially given that most of the experiments that would later confirm relativistic ideas hadn't been performed or even thought up yet. Einstein was very willing to lay bets on his view which was beyond that event horizon.

Perhaps Einstein is an exception, or perhaps we ought to allow this arrogant confidence, in moderation, to the experts who deserve it.
unenlightened September 11, 2023 at 11:24 #836902
Quoting flannel jesus
It seems not only natural but beneficial that people would do that - on the condition that they do it in a moderate and unzealous way.


Absolutely! Hurrah for moderation and un-zealotry!

Quoting flannel jesus
Einstein was way more confident in relativity that a lot of people think he had a right to be


Well I would certainly hesitate to condemn Einstein in these terms, with as much hindsight as I have. Are there many Einsteins on this site? but I think Einstein was in any case very much concerned with explanations for what we could see already, rather than what was beyond the horizon. Perhaps the 'God does not play dice' comment was a little rash?
flannel jesus September 11, 2023 at 11:49 #836904
Reply to unenlightened We probably don't have an Einstein on the site. What in particular in this thread do you think oversteps the bounds here? Who is making too bold bets on things beyond the event horizon?

Is it anybody with a strong intuition one way or the other about materialism?
unenlightened September 11, 2023 at 14:09 #836917
Reply to flannel jesus Well folk do seem to adopt 'isms and defend them against competing 'isms with more enthusiasm than I can find good warrant for, and I don't want to be more particular than that, or further defend a perhaps somewhat impetuous remark of my own.
Athena September 11, 2023 at 14:40 #836926
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
I am a true atheist (as well as humanist and capitalist); someone who does not believe in or give legitimacy to the traditional concepts of gods. At the same time, I am not a materialist. Because I observe there is a happy medium between these two absolute extremes. Somewhere "a something", which is closer to the highest truths, can be unearthed, studied, understood and applied.


You might enjoy The Tao of Physics by Fritjof Capra. It is mind-blowing to me that we are still materialists. Everything is energy. Logos, reason, the controlling force of the universe makes matter possible.

Western thinking since Rome has been very materialistic, but not so much the East. Without India we would not have a concept of zero and without zero we could not have the maths we have today. The materialism we have is a cultural problem and :lol: leaves the believers of the God of Abraham, that is Jews, Christians, and Muslims with a big problem! How do we explain the existence of God and the Holy Spirit when every is made of matter?

Back to math, if we all learned quantum physics we might not be able to maintain our notion of separate material and spiritual realities.
NOS4A2 September 11, 2023 at 15:02 #836929
Reply to Bret Bernhoft

I don’t think it is reasonable because it involves the same activity: holding out for something better than the world. Theism is idealism run amok. It’s an exercise in slandering or dismissing the world, and holding oneself (one’s ideas, consciousness, mind) over and above it.

The problem with seeking the middle and not leaning one way or the other is that you never get to help decide where the center is.
Manuel September 11, 2023 at 15:12 #836934
The traditional issue of mind being "non-physical" reckons back to antiquity and even early modern science, in which the concept of the soul was used somewhat interchangeably with the mind, indicating that we understood physical phenomena much better than we actually did (and still don't).

In modern talk, the domain of the mental is a very hard nut to crack, being that outside some narrow fields of insight, such as a bit from neuroscience, some from linguistics and a bit from psychology, we know so very little of it.

And it makes sense too, given that we are analyzing our most unique gift from nature: thought. So, it's not surprising.

And while being an atheist is perfectly fine (I suppose I am one too), not much is gained by attempting to argue that the mental is opposed to the physical is some obscure manner. Otherwise, we are repeating the mistakes of the 17th century. Saying the universe is mental or physical does not highlight much about it, in my opinion.
flannel jesus September 11, 2023 at 15:38 #836938
Reply to unenlightened Sure. I think there's two big flavours of that at play (or two sides of a spectrum, maybe?):

1. The offensive: My ism is clearly correct, and anyone who disagrees with me is clearly wrong and probably stupid.

2. The defensive: My ism is at least *not clearly incorrect* and it would be unjustified to rule it out based on current evidence.

When we're dealing with topics on or beyond the frontier of science, 1 is probably, usually unjustified for almost all people, with the exception of the occasional Einstein. How do you feel about 2 though? The defensive position, for ideas that are beyond the frontier.

I think 2 can be reasonable at times. There's a lot of people saying "this idea is clearly impossible and ruled out for this reason or that", and *maybe* there can be value in pushing back against that kind of rhetoric at times, no?
Bret Bernhoft September 11, 2023 at 23:41 #837012
Quoting Athena
You might enjoy The Tao of Physics by Fritjof Capra.


Thank you for the recommendation. I have added it to my list of books to consider buying in the near-future. I am a big fan of literature that seeks to fuse seemingly incompatible paradigms, into a new coherent understanding of the universe.
Bret Bernhoft September 12, 2023 at 00:01 #837017
Quoting NOS4A2
I don’t think it is reasonable because it involves the same activity: holding out for something better than the world. Theism is idealism run amok. It’s an exercise in slandering or dismissing the world, and holding oneself (one’s ideas, consciousness, mind) over and above it.

The problem with seeking the middle and not leaning one way or the other is that you never get to help decide where the center is.


I can see what you're saying; that I might be playing the same game as theism, by looking to "a beyond" for something better. And that it is difficult to know where the middle truly is, without taking one side or the other. These are good points.

In my observations, the paranormal and metaphysical are part of this materialist world. There is no need for overlap of distinct realms or faith in anything to validate/explain such a reality. It is rather the state of science, measurement and a desire to earnestly look that prevents our species from legitimizing the existence of what is presently designated as "woo woo".

I'm not one to use Quantum Physics as a means to explain spiritual principles. Instead, I rely heavily on the work of pioneers such as Jeffrey Mishlove in the field of Parapsychology, to help explore these phenomena. As well as the words and wisdom of different religions, found throughout human history.

I conclude that by trusting my own experiences, studying the extremes of this spectrum and remaining mindful, that it seems possible to deduct where the middle is, or somewhere nearby. And to live in the now moment without a desire for inter-dimensional transcendence. My perspective isn't to escape an earthly life for a heaven or hell; it is to enrich my life in the domains that I already exist within.
180 Proof September 12, 2023 at 02:52 #837031
Quoting Athena
It is mind-blowing to me that we are still materialists. Everything is energy.

"Everything" which causes changes is material, ergo "energy" is material, no?

Quoting Bret Bernhoft
I might be playing the same game as theism, by looking to "a beyond" for something better.

How can "a beyond" the here and now provide "something better" to us within the here and now?

Quoting Bret Bernhoft
I am not a materialist.

As a non-"materialist", what is it (ontically? epistemically?) about the material that you oppose?
More simply, reality is mind/mental.

What do you mean by "reality"?
flannel jesus September 12, 2023 at 08:25 #837039
Quoting 180 Proof
It is mind-blowing to me that we are still materialists. Everything is energy.
— Athena
"Everything" which causes changes is material, ergo "energy" is material, no?


Reply to Athena

This is the second time in my life that I've seen someone suggest materialists don't believe in energy lmao. How is that supposed to work? All materialists believe that matter moves around, right? And matter requires energy to move and interact and change directions and so forth, right?

I've never met a materialist who doesn't believe in energy. I have, however, met non-materialists who say materialists believe that. THAT'S what's truly mind blowing.
180 Proof September 12, 2023 at 12:35 #837066
Quoting flannel jesus
All materialists believe that matter moves around, right? And matter requires energy to move and interact and change directions and so forth, right?

I've never met a materialist who doesn't believe in energy.

:100: :fire:

NB: ... "yinyang" ... "atoms swirling swerving in the void" ... "E=mc²" ... "fermions & bosons", wtf are woo-ologists talking about? :sweat:
Athena September 12, 2023 at 16:07 #837094
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
Thank you for the recommendation. I have added it to my list of books to consider buying in the near-future. I am a big fan of literature that seeks to fuse seemingly incompatible paradigms, into a new coherent understanding of the universe.


The book "Great Thinkers of the Eastern World" is easier to read than Fritjof Capra and prepares us to understand Tao which is great for reading Greek philosophy and thinking of things such as Democritus’s ideas of changing physical phenomena. :wink: All the sources of knowledge we have to choose from make living a wonderful thing. It appears you want to enjoy it all as I do.



Athena September 12, 2023 at 16:24 #837098
Quoting flannel jesus
This is the second time in my life that I've seen someone suggest materialists don't believe in energy lmao. How is that supposed to work? All materialists believe that matter moves around, right? And matter requires energy to move and interact and change directions and so forth, right?

I've never met a materialist who doesn't believe in energy. I have, however, met non-materialists who say materialists believe that. THAT'S what's truly mind-blowing.


No matter does not move around. If my computer desk decides to move itself to the other side of the room, I will scream and run out of the door. Not many materialists are in agreement with Native Americans about the sacred land and the wrong of exploiting it. Matter constantly changes but the leaves do so much faster than rocks and neither the leaf nor a stone has the power of moving. So exactly how do you understand the energy of which you speak?

Materialists do not see reality like this...

Quoting Thomas Berry
The earth, in a very real sense, is our mother. We are born from this mother, from Gaia; we are extensions of the earth and the cosmos of which it is a part. This means that our conceptualizing and our spirituality also extend from the spiritual dimension of the cosmos and the earth.


I am not sure but I think the big divide between materials and the spiritualist is disagreement about the source of the energy that makes life possible.
Athena September 12, 2023 at 16:30 #837102
Quoting 180 Proof
NB: ... "yinyang" ... "atoms swirling swerving in the void" ... "E=mc²" ... "fermions & bosons", wtf are woo-ologists talking about? :sweat:


You have done nothing but insult. Good reasoning requires following some laws of logic and your post is not a good example of that. Name-calling such as "woo-ologist" is destructive to the communication process that I expect of people in the philosophy forum.
Athena September 12, 2023 at 16:35 #837105
Quoting 180 Proof
"Everything" which causes changes is material, ergo "energy" is material, no?


What are the differences between mater and energy?
MATTER
• Matter has mass.
• Matter takes up space (called volume).
Thus, matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
ENERGY
• Energy is not like matter.
• Energy does not have mass.
• Energy does not take up space.
• Energy MOVES matter.
Therefore, energy is the ability to make things move.

https://grove.ccsd59.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/03/1.-Matter-Vs.-Energy-.pdf
flannel jesus September 12, 2023 at 18:51 #837126
Quoting Athena
No matter does not move around.


find me a materialist who would agree and you might have something there lol.
flannel jesus September 12, 2023 at 19:12 #837129
Reply to Athena you illustrated his point with that link very nicely. I appreciate that.

I personally wouldn't word it as "energy is material", but I'm not prepared to say that's explicitly wrong either. In any case, it's clear that a contemporary "materialist" world view includes energy.
Count Timothy von Icarus September 12, 2023 at 19:41 #837131
Reply to 180 Proof


I prefer more descriptive terms like e.g. immaterial or disembodied or nonphysical or spiritual or magical ... to the umbrella term "supernatural".


Disembodied or incorporeal would be my least favorite here. If someone talks about "the text of War and Peace, but not the books it is printed on or the hard drives it is saved on," that seems like something that is "disembodied," but very different from the "magical." Economic recessions would be another example; they lack a body, but can be an object of scientific inquiry and we can attribute causes to them (e.g. "layoffs picked up in 2009 because of the recession.")

I think a process/computational/complex systems view works quite well to recover our intuition about some incorporeal entities, e.g. "the Japanese language," existing, even if there can be no well defined superveniance relationship between them and a discrete set of physical components.

"Everything" which causes changes is material, ergo "energy" is material, no?


Interestingly enough, I'm starting to think that this proposition is what is at stake as the sciences, particularly physics, try to define and define a place for the concept of information. The question of: "can what is not there be causally important," or can "properties that a system lacks," be essential for explaining phenomena. The range of possibilities seems essential for explaining things like the heat carrying capabilities of metals, or life, even though this range is not actual.

I think the thinking around it gets dicey, and very muddy, because there is a tendency to want to reduce relations to objects, whereas it seems like the process view is more relevant here. In the context of a process, what doesn't occur is important. It's like how you can't encode a message in just 1s, you need the possibility of 0s in a medium.
flannel jesus September 12, 2023 at 20:08 #837137
Quoting Count Timothy von Icarus
The question of: "can what is not there be causally important," or can "properties that a system lacks," be essential for explaining phenomena. The range of possibilities seems essential for explaining things like the heat carrying capabilities of metals, or life, even though this range is not actual.


Sounds like you're just talking about emergence
Ciceronianus September 12, 2023 at 21:03 #837143
Quoting 180 Proof
"Everything" which causes changes is material, ergo "energy" is material, no?


Sounds rather Stoic and, therefore, preferable as such things go, to me at least. All that acts or can be acted upon are "bodies" and therefore part of Nature, or the Universe. There are different kinds of bodies, though.

The significance of the Stoic view is that it posits immanence; there ain't no supernatural or transcendent (I admit the Stoics may not have used the word "ain't"). We don't need no stinkin' supernatural or transcendent, in fact (they may not have used the word "stinkin'" either). Being part of Nature (the Universe), inextricably, all we can know is part of it.

The concept of energy and even what we know of the quantum world fits in rather well with Stoicism, I think, though not with its view that the pneuma (of which they would be a part, I think) is the intelligent, rational as well as generative guiding principle of the Universe.
Count Timothy von Icarus September 12, 2023 at 21:11 #837144
Reply to flannel jesus

It depends on how you define emergence I suppose. I do not mean classical emergence, where combinations of different substances somehow generate new terms that did not exist before. I think Jaegeon Kim dealt classic, substance based emergence a virtual death blow.

Prehaps emergence in the "more is different," sense you see at work in cellular automata. But then it's not really clear to me if this warrants the name emergence, or if it just obviates the idea of emergence, consigning it to the dust bin of history.

After all, it doesn't make sense to think of computations as being "composed of" smaller computations. To be sure, we have a step-wise element in computation (although steps can run in parallel), but this is necessarily change, a process occuring over a timelike dimension. ?81 doesn't "emerge" from smaller units of composition, it is its own process.
flannel jesus September 12, 2023 at 22:33 #837155
Quoting Count Timothy von Icarus
It depends on how you define emergence I suppose. I do not mean classical emergence, where combinations of different substances somehow generate new terms that did not exist before. I think Jaegeon Kim dealt classic, substance based emergence a virtual death blow.

Prehaps emergence in the "more is different," sense you see at work in cellular automata. But then it's not really clear to me if this warrants the name emergence, or if it just obviates the idea of emergence, consigning it to the dust bin of history.


Examples from cellular automata, like the ol classic Glider, are just plain ol emergence in my book. I'm not really sure how that differs from "classical emergence" - I googled that term but couldn't find anything like a definition.

Quoting Count Timothy von Icarus
After all, it doesn't make sense to think of computations as being "composed of" smaller computations.


Ever?

I mean, I can think of plenty of situations where you can actually think of computations as being composed of smaller computations. Multiplication is composed of addition. Exponentiation is composed of multiplication. In software, functions call other functions that do tiny bits of the overall job. And literally everything in software is composed of assembly instructions / machine code, right? I guess I don't see why it doesn't make sense, it seems on the surface to make perfect sense.
praxis September 12, 2023 at 22:39 #837156
Quoting Athena
Matter constantly changes but the leaves do so much faster than rocks and neither the leaf nor a stone has the power of moving. So exactly how do you understand the energy of which you speak?


Both leaf and stone are spinning on the surface of a giant sphere at a thousand miles per hour. They don't fly off of the earth because its mass is so great that it pulls them towards it. The earth is spinning around a star. The solar system is spinning in a galaxy. The galaxy is expanding with the universe... Going the other way, there's a bunch of atomic and quantum movement too, so I'm told.

180 Proof September 12, 2023 at 22:48 #837159
Quoting Athena
Good reasoning requires following some laws of logic and your post is not a good example of that.

Silly projection.

Quoting Athena
What are the differences between ma[tt]er and energy?

Fermions and bosons. Nothing 'immaterial'. :roll:

Quoting Ciceronianus
Sounds rather Stoic and, therefore, preferable as such things go, to me at least. All that acts or can be acted upon are "bodies" and therefore part of Nature, or the Universe. There are different kinds of bodies, though.

:fire: Yes! Also sounds Democritean-Epicurean (& Lucretian).

Count Timothy von Icarus September 13, 2023 at 01:40 #837177
Reply to flannel jesus

Bickhart and Deacon have some good explanations of this I will try to find. The SEP article is rather lacking.

Nested functions are part of code, static instructions on how to run a computation. Of course you can concatenate functions, and in this sense it is quite possible to decompose more complex functions. But the relationship between nested functions is not analogous to the way superveniance relations work in metaphysics (what I was trying to get at, which perhaps wasn't clear). Computation is substrate independent. If we change out the tape in a Turing Machine for some other brand of tape with a different chemical composition the computations it runs remain the same.

In any event, the "computation" is the actual process of transforming the input into the output. To say nested functions are the computation is a bit like saying thought is neurons, rather than what the neurons do, or that the computation in a Turing Machine is the symbols on the tape plus the state instructions in the head (why run the machine then?) Now, could we say the computation is all the states the computer transitions through from input -> output? Maybe. But this is a process, prior states dictating future ones.





Ansiktsburk September 13, 2023 at 04:46 #837200
Just throwing in a few things, like my 25c’s:

- Laws of physics seem to be pretty universal. Reliable and boring. They seem to sum up all the stuff about matter and energy pretty well and boring and just the fact that those laws seem so stable is the only thing at least I see as philosophical interesting about it.

- Our individual thinking seem, on the contrary to be pretty peculiar. Quite singular, both in terms of isolation from the outer world, and in the fact that its perceived as lack of parallelism. I think what i think right now, I cannot think two things at the same time.

- At the same time our collective thinking seem to be a realisation of a multi-processor computing thing. We’ve kind of invented materialism together. And well, the Gods too.

- But few will allow our individual thinking to be a strictly materialist stuff, just a lot of little electrons running around in the brain. There some mystical thing about the self that remains.
flannel jesus September 13, 2023 at 05:30 #837202
Reply to Count Timothy von Icarus after all your clarifications, I'm still thinking you're talking about plain ol' emergence. A lot of emergence is substrate independent too.
Bret Bernhoft September 13, 2023 at 07:33 #837206
Quoting 180 Proof
How can "a beyond" the here and now provide "something better" to us within the here and now?

As a non-"materialist", what is it (ontically? epistemically?) about the material that you oppose?

What do you mean by "reality"?


I agree with you (emphatically) in questioning whether "a beyond" can provide anything of value for the here and now. That sort of statement is at the core of my conclusions about reality.

What I oppose about materialism is that it is exclusively the domain of what is real; of reality. There are obviously other aspects of our existence that transcend the physical. But none of which are unscientific.

By "reality" I mean that which we encounter and can verify or measure.

A great story that nicely illustrates this all is "The Celestine Prophecy".
Bret Bernhoft September 13, 2023 at 07:37 #837207
Quoting Athena
All the sources of knowledge we have to choose from make living a wonderful thing. It appears you want to enjoy it all as I do.


Yes. Absolutely. In my mind there is little reason to exclude the thinking, intuition and conclusions of others outright; especially if the work being done is about balance and hybridizing extremes. Being able to challenge myself with diverse sources of knowledge does indeed make living a wondrous thing. This is a hallmark of a good life, in my observations.
flannel jesus September 13, 2023 at 08:19 #837210
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
There are obviously other aspects of our existence that transcend the physical. But none of which are unscientific.


Can you give some examples?

"Transcend the physical" could be interpreted in at least 2 ways. You could be talking about stuff that is completely not physical in any sense, or you could be talking about stuff that is emergent from physical stuff. I'd like to clarify which of those two senses you think obviously exists.
Bret Bernhoft September 13, 2023 at 08:22 #837212
Reply to flannel jesus

For example, when two (or more) people meet, their heart rhythms and brainwaves entrain with each other. These are energetic experiences that cannot be accounted for simply by assuming everything is materialistic.

Or remote viewing. That's another parapsychological phenomena that transpersonal and nonlocal.
Corvus September 13, 2023 at 08:26 #837213
What are the differences between mater and energy?


Energy gets generated from matter's movement (e.g. fall), gravity, chemical process etc. Energy is a physical entity. Energy is not material. Matter is just stationery mass.
flannel jesus September 13, 2023 at 08:38 #837214
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
For example, when two (or more) people meet, their heart rhythms and brainwaves entrain with each other. These are energetic experiences that cannot be accounted for simply by assuming everything is materialistic.


Really? Why not?
Bret Bernhoft September 13, 2023 at 08:45 #837216
Quoting flannel jesus
Really? Why not?


Great question. Because that's not what the measurements indicate. Good science shows that these phenomena are part of the material world, but energetic in nature; immaterial.

What's really exciting about all of this, is that the immaterial aspects of this world are present, just waiting to be rediscovered. That is what entices me, as an individual.
flannel jesus September 13, 2023 at 08:58 #837217
Reply to Bret Bernhoft do you have any links to support these claims?

Energy is, believe it or not, considered part of the material world. Materialists believe in physics. Physics is all about how matter is moved around and changed by energy. So saying these things can't be accounted for in materialism, and then saying "that's because it requires energy to happen", seems to be a misunderstanding of materialism.

Of course materialists believe in energy! How else could matter move and change momentum!?
180 Proof September 13, 2023 at 09:42 #837223
Reply to flannel jesus :up: :up:

Quoting Bret Bernhoft
What I oppose about materialism is that it is exclusively the domain of what is real; of reality.

In other words, you believe that reality is also "immaterial"? If so, how does the immaterial affect the material and vice versa?

By "reality" I mean that which we encounter and can verify or measure.

Give a couple of examples of how "we encounter and ... verify or measure" the immaterial. Thanks, Bret.
Count Timothy von Icarus September 13, 2023 at 14:09 #837241
Reply to flannel jesus

The first thing to stress would be that composition in computation doesn't work like composition in superveniance metaphysics. Salt is salt because of how Na and Cl interact. 20 grains of salt is salt in the very same way that 1,000,000 grains of salt is salt. The output comes from the causal properties of fundamental units, which may arguably be unpredictable from the properties of these units themselves (classical emergence).

But 5 * 10 is not an output of 50 in the way that Na + Cl = NaCL. You can add grains of salt to salt and it remains salt. If you add multiples of 5 or 10 to 50 you get a different number.More importantly, there are limitless ways to write an arithmetical function that will output 50 and so the output cannot be uniquely defined by the inputs in the way NaCl is defined by its component particles.

Against this view, we can consider that, if all of physics was unified into one thing, if the fundamental forces and space-time itself were unified, and we could say: "yes, there is one undifferentiated substance that forms all these building blocks from different processes," then the difference elucidated above looks to be in trouble. However, if this was the case, "substance" as a concept now fails to do any explanatory lifting at all. All phenomena are generated from a term that applies equally to all things, and so it is only the processes that actually have causal power.

Emergence was developed by a number of British philosophers in the 19th century with old-style materialism in mind. Substrate independent emergence, the example of material formed into a wheel, is a later innovation, and I would argue that it is better explained via a process metaphysics. From this start, "emergence" largely developed up to the 1990s in line with popular ideas of superveniance physicalist metaphysics. "Classical emergence," is just emergence that accepts substance metaphysics.

Thus, one of the big arguments in emergence tended to be if "strong emergence," or "true emergence" is even possible, or if emergence just represents opportunities for what is essentially data compression. If the latter holds, then all phenomena can still be fully (and often, most accurately) described by simply ignoring the emergence and instead fully describing any physical system via the sum of its fundamental components. Or, at least this idea is believed to be true, "in theory;" however, plenty of people accept that, barring the advent of some Le Placean Demon capable of almost supernatural computations, emergence might still make sense as a concept to use from a pragmatic perspective.

More recently, it has been common to argue that "strong emergence," appears to be impossible within a substance metaphysics, but, so the argument goes, this is simply more evidence that that we must move to a process based metaphysics.

House of Cards?

The most influential critiques of ontological emergence theories target these notions of downward causality and the role that the emergent whole plays with respect to its parts. To the extent that the emergence of a supposedly novel higher - level phenomenon is thought to exert causal influence on the component processes that gave rise to it, we might worry that we risk double - counting the same causal influence, or even falling into a vicious regress error — with properties of parts explaining properties of wholes explaining properties of parts. Probably the most devastating critique of the emergentist enterprise explores these logical problems. This critique was provided by the contemporary American philosopher Jaegwon Kim in a series of articles and monographs in the 1980s and 1990s, and is often considered to be a refutation of ontological (or strong) emergence theories in general, that is, theories that argue that the causal properties of higher - order phenomena cannot be attributed to lower - level components and their interactions. However, as Kim himself points out, it is rather only a challenge to emergence theories that are based on the particular metaphysical assumptions of substance metaphysics (roughly, that the properties of things inhere in their material constitution), and as such it forces us to find another footing for a coherent conception of emergence.

The critique is subtle and complicated, and I would agree that it is devastating for the conception of emergence that it targets. It can be simplified and boiled down to something like this: Assuming that we live in a world without magic (i.e., the causal closure principle, discussed in chapter 1), and that all composite entities like organisms are made of simpler components without residue, down to some ultimate elementary particles, and assuming that physical interactions ultimately require that these constituents and their causal powers (i.e., physical properties) are the necessary substrate for any physical interaction, then whatever causal powers we ascribe to higher - order composite entities must ultimately be realized by these most basic physical interactions. If this is true, then to claim that the cause of some state or event arises at an emergent higher - order level is redundant. If all higher - order causal interactions are between objects constituted by relationships among these ultimate building blocks of matter, then assigning causal power to various higher - order relations is to do redundant bookkeeping. It’s all just quarks and gluons — or pick your favorite ultimate smallest unit — and everything else is a gloss or descriptive simplification of what goes on at that level. As Jerry Fodor describes it, Kim’s challenge to emergentists is: “why is there anything except physics?” 16

The concept at the center of this critique has been a core issue for emergentism since the British emergentists’ first efforts to precisely articulate it. This is the concept of supervenience...

Effectively, Kim’s critique utilizes one of the principal guidelines for mereological analysis: defining parts and wholes in such a way as to exclude the possibility of double - counting. Carefully mapping all causal powers to distinctive non - overlapping parts of things leaves no room to find them uniquely emergent in aggregates of these parts, no matter how they are organized...

Terrance Deacon - Incomplete Nature



But there is a powerful argument against mereological substance metaphysics: such discrete parts only appear at the quantum scale through large scale statistical smoothing. In many cases, fundamental parts with static properties don't seem to exist and even those that are put forth can form into new, fundamental entities (e.g., Humphrey's notion of fusion).

This is not meant to suggest that we should appeal to quantum strangeness in order to explain emergent properties, nor would I suggest that we draw quantum implications for processes at human scales. However, it does reflect a problem with simple mereological accounts of matter and causality that is relevant to the problem of emergence.

A straightforward framing of this challenge to a mereological conception of emergence is provided by the cognitive scientist and philosopher Mark Bickhard. His response to this critique of emergence is that the substance metaphysics assumption requires that at base, “particles participate in organization, but do not themselves have organization.” But, he argues, point particles without organization do not exist (and in any case would lead to other absurd consequences) because real particles are the somewhat indeterminate loci of inherently oscillatory quantum fields. These are irreducibly processlike and thus are by definition organized. But if process organization is the irreducible source of the causal properties at this level, then it “cannot be delegitimated as a potential locus of causal power without eliminating causality from the world.” 20 It follows that if the organization of a process is the fundamental source of its causal power, then fundamental reorganizations of process, at whatever level this occurs, should be associated with a reorganization of causal power as well.

Terrance Deacon - Incomplete Nature



I have posted relevant parts of some of Bickhard's analysis here in an earlier post:
https://thephilosophyforum.com/discussion/comment/826619

But since, in examples like the Game of Life you mentioned, "more is different," I don't even know if the concept of emergence can even be fundamental under a process view. To be sure, it's useful for higher level fields where speaking of substance is a fine stand-in for describing long term stabilities in process. However, the only thing it makes sense to decompose computations - the transformation of output into input - into is the intervening states between S1 and SF. But if you're defining composition by transitions of states over time, you aren't talking substance anymore, that's process, and so the "emergence" part is redundant since a different process is a different process. We can have morphisms between processes, but it doesn't make sense to say a F(x) = 100 is somehow emergent, in the same way it isn't really useful to say "lines are emergent from points," or "planes are emergent from dimensions."
Count Timothy von Icarus September 13, 2023 at 14:31 #837243
Energy being physical is fairly well established. If you want to get into a more wonky question there is the matter of it information is physical (Landauer's Principle) and there remains some hot debate on that.

But, if information because essential for explaining cause in a way that people do not think is somehow an epistemic artifact, I imagine we'd see widespread acceptance of information as physical (it's already a majority opinion I would think).

The problem with, "if it has causal powers it is physical," is that it would simply mean that if ghosts and magic are real, we just need to accept the physical reality of ectoplasm, djinns, etc. (Hemple's Dilemma). I think in general physicalists would like to go further, but that's where the interesting problems come up.

Is saying that there is no intentionality behind the behavior of the universe writ large necessary for physicalism? Is saying that mind is not essential to being necessary for physicalism? Can we say some things about the nature of the physical beyond the scope of scientific realism or simple naturalism?

In general, I think ontic structural realism, the idea that the mathematical structures of physics are themselves the ontological basement, the constituents on which all cause depends and from which all being emerges, doesn't sound like physicalism. We don't tend to think of mathematical entities and processes as physical, rather they are abstractions. But I'm also not sure if it's necessarily disallowed. Certainly there are theories that do advance structural realism as physicalism.

But it's not like idealism, in its broadest form, is that much different in this respect. In some ways it's defined largely by what it says "no," too. So, say what you will about dualism, but when you have two distinct types of being, there is a lot more you can say of them, since there is at least some comparison to define them through. (I am not a dualist BTW, a theory being more interesting, less "flat," doesn't make it necessarily more true lol).
Ciceronianus September 13, 2023 at 16:26 #837260
Quoting Athena
Materialists do not see reality like this...

The earth, in a very real sense, is our mother. We are born from this mother, from Gaia; we are extensions of the earth and the cosmos of which it is a part. This means that our conceptualizing and our spirituality also extend from the spiritual dimension of the cosmos and the earth.
— Thomas Berry


Doesn't seem to follow though, does it? That "spiritual dimension" sneaks into the picture. Is that "spiritual dimension" a part of Nature? If so, a Naturalist may accept it as a part of reality, like everything else, including energy. The question would then seem to be whether if it's part of the Universe it is corporeal.

Gnomon September 13, 2023 at 16:32 #837262
Quoting Count Timothy von Icarus
Energy being physical is fairly well established. If you want to get into a more wonky question there is the matter of it information is physical (Landauer's Principle) and there remains some hot debate on that.

But, if information because essential for explaining cause in a way that people do not think is somehow an epistemic artifact, I imagine we'd see widespread acceptance of information as physical (it's already a majority opinion I would think).

This thread seems to have diverged into a debate on Physics (energy, matter) instead of Metaphysics (abstract concepts such as being, knowing, substance, cause, identity, time, and space). But the OP seems to be implying a metaphysical (philosophical) distinction : Theism postulates non-physical (metaphysical) causes, while Materialism denies anything non-physical. Yet even Materialists must accept the existence of causal Energy, even though scientists don't know what it is (ontology) -- only what it does (epistemology)*1.

My position on the OP is somewhere in between mundane Materialism and spooky Theism. And it's based on a "wonky" concept (the role of information in reality) that is fiercely challenged on this forum. It is definitely eccentric, in the sense that it is not aligned with the mainstream Materialism of modern Physics. That's because generic Information as Causation is on the cutting-edge of science, not in the dusty textbooks. For example, In computation, Energy is lost as Entropy only upon erasure of Information*2*3. As you implied : Information is physical in the same sense that Energy is physical.

I won't go into the abstruse details of the Information = Energy equation here. But I will note that, for those to whom Mind is just as real as Brain, the notion that Information = Energy + Relationship = Mind*4 may make sense. Of course, a materialist/chemist will find that assertion absurd. But a Physicalist, who deals mostly with Change (causation) instead of focusing on the inert Material substrate, may be quicker to grasp that invisible intangible Energy is the cause of all changes in Form : i.e. en-form-action. Which opens up a whole new range of possibilities for the sciences of Physics & Computation. And, perhaps novel ways to define Theism & Metaphysics. :smile:

*1. Physics of Energy :
Energy is defined as the “ability to do work, which is the ability to exert a force causing displacement of an object.” Despite this confusing definition, its meaning is very simple: energy is just the force that causes things to move. Energy is divided into two types: potential and kinetic.
https://ingeniumcanada.org/scitech/education/tell-me-about/physics-of-energy#:~:text=Energy%20is%20defined%20as%20the,two%20types%3A%20potential%20and%20kinetic.
Note --- "Ability" is not a material thing, but merely the immaterial Potential for change. Kinetic energy is the causal process of change in a material substrate. What I call "en-form-action".

*2. INFORMATION IS PHYSICAL : Rolf Landauer,
[i]Earlier centuries gave us clockwork models of the
universe. A similar, but more modern, orientation leads
to the position of Zuse and Fredkin that the universe is a
computer. Without going quite that far, I do suggest that
there is a strong [b]two-way relationship between physics
and information handling[/b][/i]
https://www.w2agz.com/Library/Limits%20of%20Computation/Landauer%20Article,%20Physics%20Today%2044,%205,%2023%20(1991).pdf

*3. Rolf Landauer . . . . Award in Quantum Computing :
This award recognizes recent outstanding contributions in quantum information science, especially using quantum effects to perform computational and information-management tasks that would be impossible or infeasible by purely classical means.
https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/landauer-bennet.cfm

*4. How is information related to energy in physics? :
Energy is the relationship between information regimes. That is, energy is manifested, at any level, between structures, processes and systems
https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/22084/how-is-information-related-to-energy-in-physics
Gnomon September 14, 2023 at 22:19 #837640
Quoting Athena
I am not sure but I think the big divide between materials and the spiritualist is disagreement about the source of the energy that makes life possible.

Good Point! For all practical purposes, and within the here & now world, I am essentially an Atheist, but I prefer the more modest & philosophical label Agnostic. Even so, the physicalistic/materialistic Big Bang theory, was formulated with the unprovable assumption (axiom) that Energy & Natural Laws pre-existed the Bang.

So, my philosophical curiosity naturally wonders about the original Source of that all-important creative & animating power. I don't imagine the origin of the world as a biblical Genesis, but Plato/Aristotle's abstract notion of LOGOS & Prime Mover suits me for philosophical purposes. That gives me a point from which to reason about our temporary sojourn in a habitat suitable for matter-transcending living & thinking creatures. :smile:

Note --- Energy provided the push, and Laws limit the direction of this guided missile cosmos. And here we are, 14 billion earth-years later, trying to remember the birth moment of this thrill-ride of ups & downs, while plaintively asking WHY? So far, the Logical Laborer remains mum (punny) :joke:
180 Proof September 15, 2023 at 04:36 #837696
@Bret Bernhoft :point: Reply to 180 Proof

Quoting Gnomon
I don't imagine the origin of the world as a biblical Genesis, but Plato/Aristotle's abstract notion of LOGOS & Prime Mover suits me for philosophical purposes.

Well, I find Spinoza's non-transcendent substance, or natura naturans, much more parsimonious and elegant (as do e.g. Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche ... Einstein, Bohm, Wheeler, Everett ... David Deutsch, Seth Lloyd et al). Btw, Epicureans & Stoics are also immanentists, to wit: "the source of energy" is existence itself (à la the vacuum); thus, "creationism" by any other name, whether biblical or onto-theological – multiplying (transcendent) entities – is both philosophically and scientifically unnecessary. :smirk:
Tom Storm September 15, 2023 at 05:06 #837699
Reply to 180 Proof Interesting 180. I've never fully appreciated Spinoza's natura naturans but I am assuming (and forgive the crude summary) this monist view is an account of a kind of boundless, dynamic 'substance' from which all expressions of life/physicalism originate. I'm also assuming this notion does away with the age old debate 'why something rather than nothing'? The natura naturans being eternal. Is this a solution to the old theist argument from contingency?
180 Proof September 15, 2023 at 05:08 #837700
Reply to Tom Storm :up: :up:
Athena September 15, 2023 at 15:46 #837817
Quoting flannel jesus
I personally wouldn't word it as "energy is material", but I'm not prepared to say that's explicitly wrong either. In any case, it's clear that a contemporary "materialist" world view includes energy.


Might it be possible that our understanding of energy and matter is culturally biased and also lacks more recent information about quantum physics and the center of the universe?

The existence of dark energy is still in question and a materialist would have a hard time accepting an unknown energy but we can see, balance is essential, and it seems quite obvious to me, if the only energy that mattered was gravity then the whole universe would be sucked back together.


NASA:Astronomers theorize that the faster expansion rate is due to a mysterious, dark force that is pulling galaxies apart. One explanation for dark energy is that it is a property of space. Albert Einstein was the first person to realize that empty space is not nothing.

Dark Energy, Dark Matter | Science Mission Directorate
Athena September 15, 2023 at 16:39 #837836
Quoting praxis
Both leaf and stone are spinning on the surface of a giant sphere at a thousand miles per hour. They don't fly off of the earth because its mass is so great that it pulls them towards it. The earth is spinning around a star. The solar system is spinning in a galaxy. The galaxy is expanding with the universe... Going the other way, there's a bunch of atomic and quantum movement too, so I'm told.


That sounds like a familiar explanation. What are the forces that cause the motion? What is gravity?
If nothing counterbalances gravity why doesn't the whole universe get sucked back together? Why is the universe expanding?
Athena September 15, 2023 at 16:56 #837842
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
Yes. Absolutely. In my mind there is little reason to exclude the thinking, intuition and conclusions of others outright; especially if the work being done is about balance and hybridizing extremes. Being able to challenge myself with diverse sources of knowledge does indeed make living a wondrous thing. This is a hallmark of a good life, in my observations.


That is what Thomas Jefferson, and Cicero before him, meant when they spoke of the pursuit of happiness.

Before we focused education on the advancement of technology for military and Industrial purposes, we had education for conceptualizing, and being overly materialistic was deemed inferior. Learning a technology is for the working class, not the ruling class.

Concepts are not matter and yet they can be very powerful. Some concepts are very spiritual in nature and this can improve our health. Clearly, there is more to reality than matter.

Gnomon September 15, 2023 at 17:17 #837847
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
Great question. Because that's not what the measurements indicate. Good science shows that these phenomena are part of the material world, but energetic in nature; immaterial.
What's really exciting about all of this, is that the immaterial aspects of this world are present, just waiting to be rediscovered. That is what entices me, as an individual.

Yes. Materialists, for doctrinal reasons, typically lump Energy into the same ontological category as Matter. Admittedly, Energy is essential to Physics & Chemistry --- and I mean that literally. The common definition of Energy is "ability", but I think "potential" is more accurate : Energy is the potential to cause change in matter. And Potential (not-yet-actual) is by definition, immaterial and unreal --- although its effects on matter are immanent. Energy is indeed a Phenomenon, in the sense of an interpretation of sensory impressions. But the thing being interpreted is itself a Noumenon.

Reply to 180 Proof is offended by the notion of anything transcendent of temporal reality, or Immaterial, in the sense of unreal (or not yet actual). He points to Spinoza as an authority on the immanence of all substance. Yet Baruch imagined God or Nature as eternal. And that was centuries before modern science discovered --- to the surprise of Einstein --- that the material universe had a beginning --- not in time, but of Time. Spinoza's active "Natura naturans" would be what we now call Energy, and passive "natura naturata" would be Matter*1. Hence, assuming the Big Bang theory is as close to an accurate description of a scientific creation act as possible, then Energy would necessarily "transcend" the existence of the material world*2. However, since immaterial Energy is an attribute of Spinoza's Nature/God, it is not super-natural. :smile:

*1. Spinoza on Substance :
There are, Spinoza insists, two sides of Nature. First, there is the active, productive aspect of the universe—God and his attributes, from which all else follows. This is what Spinoza, employing the same terms he used in the Short Treatise, calls Natura naturans, “naturing Nature”. Strictly speaking, this is identical with God. The other aspect of the universe is that which is produced and sustained by the active aspect, Natura naturata, “natured Nature”.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza/
Note --- You could interpret "the productive aspect of the universe" as Energy. And "that which is produced and sustained" as Matter. In that case, Energy is the eternal power of "God/Nature" to produce & sustain the temporal stuff of the universe ("things which are in God").

*2. What is natura naturans and natura naturata for spinoza? :
[i]Before going any further, I wish here to explain, what we should understand by nature viewed as active (natura natarans), and nature viewed as passive (natura naturata). I say to explain, or rather call attention to it, for I think that, from what has been said, it is sufficiently clear, that by nature viewed as active we should understand that which is in itself, and is conceived through itself, or those attributes of substance, which express eternal and infinite essence, in other words (Prop. xiv., Coroll. i., and Prop. xvii., Coroll. ii.) God, in so far as he is considered as a free cause.
By nature viewed as passive I understand all that which follows from the necessity of the nature of God, or of any of the attributes of God, that is, all the modes of the attributes of God, in so far as they are considered as things which are in God, and which without God cannot exist or be conceived.[/i]
https://www.reddit.com/r/askphilosophy/comments/10arl5f/what_is_natura_naturans_and_natura_naturata_for/
Note --- Nature in the modern, non-Spinozan, sense is a "mode" of God. Likewise, Matter is a "mode" of Energy, in the sense of E=MC^2.

flannel jesus September 15, 2023 at 17:23 #837852
Quoting Athena
The existence of dark energy is still in question and a materialist would have a hard time accepting an unknown energy but we can see, balance is essential, and it seems quite obvious to me, if the only energy that mattered was gravity then the whole universe would be sucked back together.


Why would a materialist have a hard time accepting an unknown energy? I'm quite certain that every materialist I know is completely comfortable with the idea that we haven't discovered all that's true about the universe.

I fear you've built up this very narrow idea of what materialists think, that isn't actually what materialists think.
wonderer1 September 15, 2023 at 17:27 #837853
Quoting flannel jesus
I fear you've built up this very narrow idea of what materialists think, that isn't actually what materialists think.


:up:
Athena September 15, 2023 at 17:35 #837855
Quoting Ciceronianus
Doesn't seem to follow though, does it? That "spiritual dimension" sneaks into the picture. Is that "spiritual dimension" a part of Nature? If so, a Naturalist may accept it as a part of reality, like everything else, including energy. The question would then seem to be whether if it's part of the Universe it is corporeal.


Oh my, what a delicious field of exploration you have opened for us. Our mental state has a lot to do with our physical state. Being spiritual can literally extend our lives. Prays work because our thoughts can affect our physical being.

Religions shape cultures and that is not matter but is conceptual. Our concepts have power. That power can lead to us sacrificing human hearts to a god, or giving charity to people in need. It is as we make it. There is more to life than matter. :smile: Cicero said our failure to do well was a matter of ignorance because we would do right if we knew the right thing to do. That requires an education that is about good citizenship and good moral judgment and education for technology does not do that. I repeat there is more to life than matter.
180 Proof September 15, 2023 at 20:45 #837885
Reply to Gnomon :lol: Nice try.
Athena September 16, 2023 at 13:41 #838015
Quoting Gnomon
So, my philosophical curiosity naturally wonders about the original Source of that all-important creative & animating power. I don't imagine the origin of the world as a biblical Genesis, but Plato/Aristotle's abstract notion of LOGOS & Prime Mover suits me for philosophical purposes. That gives me a point from which to reason about our temporary sojourn in a habitat suitable for matter-transcending living & thinking creatures. :smile:


Thank you so much! I think our discussions would be much improved the the notions of logos and prime mover. And from there, even the gods were subject to logos.

Stories of a god and angels having favorite people and violating the laws of nature and a Satan and demons are a problem and we might change the discussions we have by asking if this or that story is a valid explanation of reality, rather than the very old and stale arguments about the existence of a god who can be manipulated by our behaviors. Going to war, invading another country because a god wants us to fight the war is totally wrong and should never happen. Presidents manipulating citizens with words like "evil" and "power and glory" is wrong! Religion should not be used to support oil companies and maintain our economy.

A religion that is about a kingdom, is not good for democracy.
Athena September 16, 2023 at 13:57 #838018
Quoting flannel jesus
Why would a materialist have a hard time accepting an unknown energy? I'm quite certain that every materialist I know is completely comfortable with the idea that we haven't discovered all that's true about the universe.

I fear you've built up this very narrow idea of what materialists think, that isn't actually what materialists think.


You do know we are talking about how we use this planet, right? Indigenous people held a spiritual relationship with the land, and our lives and the planet would be very different if we all had a spiritual relationship with our home in the universe. Many people lived with the idea that it was their duty to take care of the earth and our oldest civilizations used math to keep things in order. Kings were replaced when natural phenomena destroyed crops because that was seen as a failure to please the gods. :lol: The extreme weather events we have had and increasing water shortages could be understood as a failure to please the gods, or a failure to understand science. Either way, our failure to live in harmony with nature does seem to threaten us.

The prediction of end times predates Christianity because human populations kept increasing and the people could see in time there would be more people than the earth could support. Thinking a god causes this or a god can protect us from the destruction of our planet seems problematic to me. Thinking we can do whatever we want, seems problematic to me. The materialists have impressed me as being out of touch with reality.

Can we have an economy based on oil and not run into trouble? No.


Athena September 16, 2023 at 14:06 #838021
Quoting flannel jesus
Why would a materialist have a hard time accepting an unknown energy?


I don't know, but do you want to discuss sacred math? Perhaps we can discover why a materialist has a hard time accepting an unknown energy.
flannel jesus September 16, 2023 at 14:21 #838024
Quoting Athena
You do know we are talking about how we use this planet, right?


I know that was one thing one person brought up in the conversation once. I didn't realize that was the central focus. Is it?

Quoting Athena
I don't know, but do you want to discuss sacred math?


Not particularly.
Athena September 16, 2023 at 15:00 #838037
Quoting flannel jesus
I know that was one thing one person brought up in the conversation once. I didn't realize that was the central focus. Is it?

"I don't know, but do you want to discuss sacred math?"
— Athena

Not particularly.


You are right. We are not focused on how what we believe relates to how we behave and that is a problem because we are not developing self-awareness as we plunder the earth and kill plants and animals and each other.

The best way to discover the problem with being a materialist is to discuss sacred math because then we can see how what people believe about sacred things, limits what they can know.
flannel jesus September 16, 2023 at 15:29 #838045
Quoting Athena
The best way to discover the problem with being a materialist


Considering how drastically you've misunderstood materialism up to this point in the conversation, I think it would be more appropriate for you to show more curiosity about what materialism is, rather than claiming to know why materialism is a problem. If you don't know what a particular belief is, you don't generally stand a good chance of being able to prove why it's a problem.

I'm sure there are many fantastic arguments in the world against materialism, but I suspect they mostly come from people who know what materialists think.
Gnomon September 16, 2023 at 16:02 #838053
Quoting Athena
Thank you so much! I think our discussions would be much improved the the notions of logos and prime mover. And from there, even the gods were subject to logos.

Unfortunately, Logos and Prime Mover might be rejected by Materialists*1 as unprovable Transcendent beings or forces. For me that's not a problem, because they are merely hypothetical philosophical conjectures (thought experiments) or Axioms*2, with no need for empirical proof, only logical consistency. And, since they have no "favorite people", they provide no reason for slavish religious worship. They also have no need to "violate" natural laws, since they are essentially the LawMakers. :smile:


*1. Materialism :
Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental states and consciousness, are results of material interactions of material things.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialism
Note --- My disagreement with classical mechanical Materialism (Newton) is that Quantum physics has undermined its basic assumption of Atomism. My disagreement with philosophical Materialism is that it ignores or trivializes the immaterial power that allows homo sapiens to post on forums like this. Their rejection of any Transcendent forces, forces them to postulate such unprovable conjectures as infinite Multiverses or Many Worlds, which are themselves transcendent of the only knowable Real world. I don't necessarily disagree with Materialism in its rejection of ancient Spiritualism (ghosts, angels, body-hopping souls, etc).

*2. Is materialism an axiom or a metaphysical belief? :
https://www.quora.com/Is-materialism-an-axiom-or-a-metaphysical-belief
praxis September 16, 2023 at 16:19 #838058
Quoting Athena
Religions shape cultures and that is not matter but is conceptual. Our concepts have power. That power can lead to us sacrificing human hearts to a god, or giving charity to people in need. It is as we make it.


No, significantly it is what religious leaders make it. Religious followers can only follow.

Quoting Athena
Cicero said our failure to do well was a matter of ignorance because we would do right if we knew the right thing to do. That requires an education that is about good citizenship and good moral judgment and education for technology does not do that. I repeat there is more to life than matter.


The purpose of religion is to bind groups with a shared narrative, values, etc., not to teach ethics. In fact, religion limits moral development.

There is more to life than antiquated concepts and beliefs.
180 Proof September 16, 2023 at 16:21 #838060
Quoting flannel jesus
I'm sure there are many fantastic arguments in the world against materialism, but I suspect they mostly come from people who [don't] know what materialists think.

:clap: :up:

Quoting praxis
In fact, religion limits [retards] moral development.

:100:
Bret Bernhoft September 16, 2023 at 23:35 #838129
Quoting flannel jesus
Energy is, believe it or not, considered part of the material world. Materialists believe in physics. Physics is all about how matter is moved around and changed by energy. So saying these things can't be accounted for in materialism, and then saying "that's because it requires energy to happen", seems to be a misunderstanding of materialism.

Of course materialists believe in energy! How else could matter move and change momentum!?


Before we go any further, I think it is important for you to define how you understand "energy" and "materialism". There are obviously forms of energy that strict materialists don't embrace.
Bret Bernhoft September 17, 2023 at 00:04 #838131
Quoting Athena
That is what Thomas Jefferson, and Cicero before him, meant when they spoke of the pursuit of happiness.

Before we focused education on the advancement of technology for military and Industrial purposes, we had education for conceptualizing, and being overly materialistic was deemed inferior. Learning a technology is for the working class, not the ruling class.

Concepts are not matter and yet they can be very powerful. Some concepts are very spiritual in nature and this can improve our health. Clearly, there is more to reality than matter.


Thomas Jefferson is a favorite American hero of mine. His time on the planet was a special period of human history. So it's interesting that you would mention his definition of pursuing happiness in relationship to the non-material.

In terms of a more robust historical type of education, I'm aware that medieval universities taught something known as the "quadrivium". Which was the effort to create well-rounded and balanced thinkers by focusing on arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music; cosmic languages. Today, as you point out, we are limited in our learning; at least when compared to the past.

So it is indeed the responsibility of the individual to seek out knowledge and wisdom, in order to find this sacred middle space.
180 Proof September 17, 2023 at 03:19 #838142
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
There are obviously forms of energy that strict materialists don't embrace.

Such as? :chin:


Bret Bernhoft September 17, 2023 at 03:23 #838143
Quoting 180 Proof
Such as? :chin:


Have you ever heard of a story titled, "The Celestine Prophecy"?

Most people regard the novel (and associated movie) as being metaphorical. But I think that James Redfield was onto something more important than an abstraction.

Here is a sample:



In other words, "Most strict materialists do not support the existence of Kundalini energy, or awakenings."

I would go so far as to say that the super majority of humanity does.
180 Proof September 17, 2023 at 03:55 #838145
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
A good word for it is "Kundalini".

:sparkle: Oh....
Bret Bernhoft September 17, 2023 at 03:58 #838146
Reply to 180 Proof

I revised my comment, and made the larger point that the majority of humanity does support the existence of Kundalini energy. It is not "woo woo", not in the least. "It" is a philosophical powerhouse.

The amount, and quality of wisdom that can be sussed out from Hindu traditions is mind boggling. And is, in my opinion, more important and relevant to this conversation than one might think.
180 Proof September 17, 2023 at 04:16 #838148
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
The amount of wisdom [insights] that can be sussed out from the Hindu traditions is mind boggling.

Yeah, I agree, especially (for me) the C?rv?ka, Advaita Vedanta & (heretical) Therav?da traditions. :up:
flannel jesus September 17, 2023 at 06:54 #838156
Reply to Bret Bernhoft I define energy how physicists define energy. I probably define materialism as mostly whatever this document says: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physicalism/#:~:text=As%20the%20name%20suggests%2C%20materialists,Principles%20of%20Human%20Knowledge%2C%20par.

Quoting Bret Bernhoft
There are obviously forms of energy that strict materialists don't embrace.


Are those forms of energy something physicists know about and study?
Bret Bernhoft September 18, 2023 at 03:31 #838312
Quoting flannel jesus
Are those forms of energy something physicists know about and study?


Yes, these energies are known of by science. In terms of whether physicists study them, that depends on the individual scientist.
flannel jesus September 18, 2023 at 07:23 #838323
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
Yes, these energies are known of by science.


Would you care to get more specific? Which energies do you believe are known by science but materialists all reject?
Bret Bernhoft September 18, 2023 at 07:29 #838324
Quoting flannel jesus
Which energies do you believe are known by science but materialists all reject?


In a previous portion of this thread, the energy was referred to as "Kundalini" from ancient Hindu traditions. Which is most certainly known of by science. But would be rejected as "woo woo" by most materialists.
flannel jesus September 18, 2023 at 07:45 #838327
Reply to Bret Bernhoft Sounds fascinating. Please go into detail as to what exactly you mean by "known of by science". Are there physics equations which make predictions about how energy of this sort interacts with the material world? Or if not that, in what way is this energy known of by science?
Bret Bernhoft September 18, 2023 at 07:49 #838328
Reply to flannel jesus

I don't think that you're participating in this conversation with good intentions. So I'm done. If you want to do your own research, feel free.
flannel jesus September 18, 2023 at 08:24 #838331
Reply to Bret Bernhoft Hmm, disappointing reaction to my curiosity. You say it's known of by science, it's a pretty natural evolution of the conversation for me to ask "in what way is this known of by science?" I don't know how that could be interpreted as disrespectful or whatever.

I will tentatively assume that there's no material you can point me to to demonstrate how this energy is known of by science, but I will remain open to that material in the future.
180 Proof September 18, 2023 at 10:00 #838349
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
In a previous portion of this thread, the energy was referred to as "Kundalini" from ancient Hindu traditions. Which is most certainly known of by science. But would be rejected as "woo woo" by most materialists.

I'm confident, Bret, it's rejected as woo woo by most (almost all) scientists. :mask:
Tom Storm September 18, 2023 at 10:04 #838351
Reply to 180 Proof I guess there's a scientific counterpart to alternative facts going on.
180 Proof September 18, 2023 at 10:06 #838353
Athena September 22, 2023 at 12:26 #839450
Reply to flannel jesus Considering how rude you were, I can ignore you.
flannel jesus September 22, 2023 at 12:31 #839451
Reply to Athena You must be insensitive to your own rudeness. That's understandable, most people have an easier time perceiving other people's rudeness than their own.
180 Proof September 22, 2023 at 13:14 #839457
Athena September 22, 2023 at 13:37 #839467
Quoting Gnomon
My disagreement with philosophical Materialism is that it ignores or trivializes the immaterial power that allows homo sapiens to post on forums like this.


:lol: That is preposterous that an evolved species would think itself the ultimate ruler of the universe and so they make a god in their own image.

Quoting Gnomon
Unfortunately, Logos and Prime Mover might be rejected by Materialists*1 as unprovable Transcendent beings or forces. For me that's not a problem, because they are merely hypothetical philosophical conjectures (thought experiments) or Axioms*2, with no need for empirical proof, only logical consistency. And, since they have no "favorite people", they provide no reason for slavish religious worship. They also have no need to "violate" natural laws, since they are essentially the LawMakers. :smile:


Exactly, however, it might help if we resist using human pronouns when referring to logos or a prime mover. As I see it, humans imaged gods in their own image as she's and his's being happy or mad. With the Greek gods and goddesses, we can be aware of helpful concepts and reasoning, which may not be as true for some of the imagined beings in other cultures. I think the Sumerian story of our creation is about an extremely long drought and the return of climatic conditions that made returning to the valley possible. There is geological evidence of this. So we might not want to relate to the spirit of the river that was humanized in the story. Our ancient past is full of such imagined beings because it appears to be our nature to humanize what we experience, such as calling logos and the prime mover "they". Doing that makes what we are saying easier to understand than say, an explanation of quantum physics.

We are not naturally mathematically literate and many of us have a problem remembering complicated equations, whereas we easily remember the story of Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf. There is a survival element in the stories of rocks that used to be beings and now mark the spot where water can be found. But how about this, even materialists have stories to explain our existence. We might want to believe these stories are true because they can be validated, but it is not uncommon for a scientific explanation to be proven wrong and it is prudent to keep our minds open and that possibility. That is why I like what you said, "hypothetical philosophical conjectures (thought experiments) or Axioms*2,".
Athena September 22, 2023 at 14:33 #839501
Quoting praxis
Religions shape cultures and that is not matter but is conceptual. Our concepts have power. That power can lead to us sacrificing human hearts to a god, or giving charity to people in need. It is as we make it.
— Athena

No, significantly it is what religious leaders make it. Religious followers can only follow.


I am sorry, I do not follow what you are saying. You are saying "no" to what? You do not think religion is a story that shapes our thinking and behavior? Even atheists are sure what a god is and it is not possible to discuss logos and the prime mover with them because they absolutely can not give up their understanding of a humanized god. They absolutely insist all discussions of god match the Christian notion of a god and therefore it is impossible to discuss a notion of god as forces of nature with no human qualities.

Cicero said our failure to do well was a matter of ignorance because we would do right if we knew the right thing to do. That requires an education that is about good citizenship and good moral judgment and education for technology does not do that. I repeat there is more to life than matter.
— Athena

The purpose of religion is to bind groups with a shared narrative, values, etc., not to teach ethics. In fact, religion limits moral development.

There is more to life than antiquated concepts and beliefs.


I agree that the materialist and the Christian prevent us from knowing truth and developing our concepts of the law. However, there is more to religion than worshipping a false god and the only way that antiquated problem will be resolved is to adjust the understanding of god and religion and therefore what we can talk about.

Webster Dictionary:: a cause, principle, or system of beliefs held to with ardor and faith


Democracy can be a religion. We can make truth our goal by changing the conversation about god and religion. Coming out of the Age of Enlightenment, that is what was happening and how we came to have a democracy. No one saw the principles of democracy in the Bible until there was literacy in the Greek and Roman classics and literacy in the classics unleashed human potential. In the Capitol Building of the US, there is a mural of the gods that make a democratic republic great. At that time in history, no one literally believed in those gods, but they were understood as concepts.

What is wrong today, is the 1958 National Defense Education Act prepared the young to be very literal and uncompromising. The materialism of some of them is as bad as interpreting the Bible literally. Democracy does not work today because we stopped teaching with the Conceptual Method and it is almost impossible to have open and meaningful discussions than advance our awareness of logos. Anyone who does not hold our understanding of truth is an idiot, right? And the way to deal with those idiots is to tell them their faults as flannel jesus did in his reply to my post.


flannel jesus September 22, 2023 at 14:44 #839504
Quoting Athena
Anyone who does not hold our understanding of truth is an idiot, right? And the way to deal with those idiots is to tell them their faults as flannel jesus did in his reply to my post.


I interpreted our exchange in exactly the opposite way. I never told you there's all these obvious problems with whatever your world view is. You said that about materialism. I don't think someone is an idiot for not being a materialist. I don't think you're an idiot at all.
Athena September 22, 2023 at 15:21 #839520
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
Thomas Jefferson is a favorite American hero of mine. His time on the planet was a special period of human history. So it's interesting that you would mention his definition of pursuing happiness in relationship to the non-material.

In terms of a more robust historical type of education, I'm aware that medieval universities taught something known as the "quadrivium". Which was the effort to create well-rounded and balanced thinkers by focusing on arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music; cosmic languages. Today, as you point out, we are limited in our learning; at least when compared to the past.

So it is indeed the responsibility of the individual to seek out knowledge and wisdom, in order to find this sacred middle space.


I love you. :love: And our democracy will continue to self-destruct until we all know what you said.

Fortunately, someone was wise enough to introduce convicts to the classics and it was discovered these classics could be life-changing. Unfortunately, the Christian understanding of humans and God keeps us in the dark ages before the Renaissance brought back the knowledge of the Greek and Roman documents. People who study only the Bible are not literate enough to protect and defend democracy. They are waiting for a kingdom. :grimace:
Gnomon September 22, 2023 at 17:03 #839555
Quoting Athena
My disagreement with philosophical Materialism is that it ignores or trivializes the immaterial power that allows homo sapiens to post on forums like this. — Gnomon
:lol: That is preposterous that an evolved species would think itself the ultimate ruler of the universe and so they make a god in their own image.

To be clear, the "immaterial power" I was referring to is Logical Reasoning (including mathematics), which seems to have reached its pinnacle of evolution (to date) in the homo species. When we begin to allow non-human posters on this forum, I might need to be more circumspect in my language. :smile:

Quoting Athena
Exactly, however, it might help if we resist using human pronouns when referring to logos or a prime mover.

Plato & Aristotle apparently used abstract non-anthro-morphic notions of "Logos & Prime Mover" intentionally, to avoid implications of the humanoid deities of their day. Similarly, when I occasionally use the term "G*D" when referring to an unknown & unknowable creative/causal power behind the Big Bang, I often use un-gendered pronouns, such as "he/r" and "s/he". But I do so with tongue in cheek, imagining the "huh?" question mark above the head of the reader. :joke:
praxis September 22, 2023 at 17:54 #839564
Quoting Athena
I am sorry, I do not follow what you are saying. You are saying "no" to what?


I pointed out that a religion is not "as we make it". It's highly dogmatic by nature, in other words, and when revisions are made it's by religious leaders. Followers are not free to make up their own beliefs and promote them within a religion. That would be considered heretical.

Quoting Athena
Even atheists are sure what a god is and it is not possible to discuss logos and the prime mover with them because they absolutely can not give up their understanding of a humanized god.


I'm aware of various of conceptions of God, some very unlike the one depicted in the Bible. I see no reason why an atheist would be unable to consider an inhuman God. Indeed, the God depicted in the Bible strikes me as extremely inhuman.

Also, religions don't all agree on logos and the prime mover. There is no prime mover in Buddhism, for instance, and they'd consider the dualism inherent in logos an expression of ignorance.

Quoting Athena
They absolutely insist all discussions of god match the Christian notion of a god and therefore it is impossible to discuss a notion of god as forces of nature with no human qualities.


It doesn't make any sense to me why an atheist would be unable to discuss the notion of god as a force of nature with no human qualities. BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY, I was responding to your claim about a religion. Of course, individuals can have their own spiritual experiences and beliefs.

Quoting Athena
Democracy can be a religion.


No, that would be a Theocracy.

Quoting Athena
Anyone who does not hold our understanding of truth is an idiot, right?


Within religion, anyone who does not hold the "understanding" of Truth is considered to have no faith. I use scare quotes because no religion has understandable truths, by design. Ultimate truth requires ultimate authority, ensuring a hierarchy of leaders (who have special access to ultimate truth) and followers.
180 Proof September 23, 2023 at 09:11 #839736
Athena September 23, 2023 at 19:24 #839864
Quoting praxis
I pointed out that a religion is not "as we make it". It's highly dogmatic by nature, in other words, and when revisions are made it's by religious leaders. Followers are not free to make up their own beliefs and promote them within a religion. That would be considered heretical.


Your post is one of the most mentally stimulating posts I have read this year. I am going to say a lot and I am not sure how correct these new to me, ideas, are.

When I say it is as we make it, I mean our whole experience of life is as we make it. I don't mean we have manifested the earth, but what we do with it is what we, not a god, does with it. We have manifested New York and international enemies and friends. A religion is what we make it, because this is all about what we think and how we behave. Humans with words and the power of reason manifest their own reality. Their private perception of reality may have very little to do with facts. We all make up our own life story and we share some of our stories in common with others. That is called culture.

Even atheists are sure what a god is and it is not possible to discuss logos and the prime mover with them because they absolutely can not give up their understanding of a humanized god.
— Athena

I'm aware of various of conceptions of God, some very unlike the one depicted in the Bible. I see no reason why an atheist would be unable to consider an inhuman God. Indeed, the God depicted in the Bible strikes me as extremely inhuman.


God is a manifestation of thought- meaning we think it and it becomes a shared notion. Atheists can not argue against the existence of God without sharing the same notion of a God that they argue does not exist.

By a nonhuman god, I mean the prime mover and logos, reason, the controlling force of the universe. The gods that are worshipped are made in the image of man. That is not so for the prime mover or logos. I do not mean a jealous, revengeful, punishing God is an inhuman God. :lol: Sometimes we can really get tripped up on our words. I am saying the power and glory is not a being with human traits.

Also, religions don't all agree on logos and the prime mover. There is no prime mover in Buddhism, for instance, and they'd consider the dualism inherent in logos an expression of ignorance.
Abrahamic religions most certainly do not have a concept that would lead to scientific thinking. they do not have a concept of a Prime Mover or logos. Their brains have zero thought patterns for thinking in such terms. I am not sure that is true of Hinduism or Buddhism. Buddhism can be very different from place to place. Some regions are more superstitious than others. And of course, some understanding of Hinduism is very superstitious and the highest level of thinking is patterned for logic and abstract thinking and therefore philosophical, the Siamese twin of science.


They absolutely insist all discussions of god match the Christian notion of a god and therefore it is impossible to discuss a notion of god as forces of nature with no human qualities.
— Athena

It doesn't make any sense to me why an atheist would be unable to discuss the notion of god as a force of nature with no human qualities. BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY, I was responding to your claim about a religion. Of course, individuals can have their own spiritual experiences and beliefs.


I had no intention of saying an atheist can not think in scientific terms. But God is not science. Now if we say God is not any of the gods made in the image of humans, but God is the Prime Mover and logos, or nature, then we can use science to understand God. However, atheists refuse to do that!!! They shot themselves in the foot by refusing to use the word "God". That just proves all the religious people right because the Bible says there will be people who reject God and they are "evil" and reality is a fight of good over evil, and we are on the damn merry-go-round of arguing about God and no one can get off it.
The way to apply science to superstitious notions is to think in terms of a prime mover, logos, universal laws, and nature.

Democracy can be a religion.
— Athena

No, that would be a Theocracy.


Huh?
Theocracy-- a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.
"his ambition is to lead a worldwide theocracy"
That is not true of a democracy because the damn God is the prime mover, logos, the laws of nature. Excuse my pagan emotive language but there we go with the merry-go-round. Who gets to define God? You just threw the prime mover and logos out the window and destroyed the reasoning of democracy. Can we discover the laws of the universe and base our laws on such knowledge? Isn't that fundamental to democracy?

“God's law is 'right reason.' When perfectly understood it is called 'wisdom.' When applied by government in regulating human relations it is called 'justice.” Cicero

The word God comes from Germany after the fall of Rome. I am sure Cicero did not use that word, but our Christian understanding is so ingrained in our culture that we are forced to think of God in a very limited understanding of God. I read Cicero to say Logos, not the Christian God.




Anyone who does not hold our understanding of truth is an idiot, right?
— Athena

Within religion, anyone who does not hold the "understanding" of Truth is considered to have no faith. I use scare quotes because no religion has understandable truths, by design. Ultimate truth requires ultimate authority, ensuring a hierarchy of leaders (who have special access to ultimate truth) and followers.[/quote]

praxis September 24, 2023 at 01:43 #839903
Quoting Athena
God is a manifestation of thought - meaning we think it and it becomes a shared notion. Atheists can not argue against the existence of God without sharing the same notion of a God that they argue does not exist.


The basic difference is that believers are 'bonded' in their shared belief system, which isn't necessarily a bad thing. Atheists may be somewhat bonded in their shared beliefs but it barely compares with religious adherence. There may be authority figures for atheists, such as Dawkins or whoever, but they're not regarded as ultimate authorities who have special insight into the nature of reality. What they know anyone can know. Nothing needs to be taken on faith. This is a significant difference. There are other important differences that I won't bother to go into at this point.

Quoting Athena
By a nonhuman god, I mean the prime mover and logos, reason, the controlling force of the universe. The gods that are worshipped are made in the image of man. That is not so for the prime mover or logos. I do not mean a jealous, revengeful, punishing God is an inhuman God. :lol:


I know what you meant. I just couldn't resist the irony. Nature is infinitely more cruel than any human could be. :smirk:

Quoting Athena
Abrahamic religions most certainly do not have a concept that would lead to scientific thinking. they do not have a concept of a Prime Mover or logos. Their brains have zero thought patterns for thinking in such terms.


You're quite wrong about this. Most scientific and technical innovations prior to the scientific revolution were achieved by societies organized by religious traditions. Ancient pagan, Islamic, and Christian scholars pioneered individual elements of the scientific method. Historically, Christianity has been and still is a patron of sciences.

Quoting Athena
They [atheists] shot themselves in the foot by refusing to use the word "God". That just proves all the religious people right because the Bible says there will be people who reject God and they are "evil" and reality is a fight of good over evil, and we are on the damn merry-go-round of arguing about God and no one can get off it.


Religions deliberatly use heratics (e.g., "the Bible says there will be people who reject God and they are evil") to shore up group identity by defining what they are not. It is a very effective tactic and that's why it is so widely used. Indeed, it's such an effective tactic that no one can get off it.

Quoting Athena
You just threw the prime mover and logos out the window and destroyed the reasoning of democracy. Can we discover the laws of the universe and base our laws on such knowledge? Isn't that fundamental to democracy?


I have no idea of what you're talking about here.

I suggest that you seriously consider what the actual purpose of religion is and why it exists. Also, consider if there's a difference between spirituality and religion.



Bret Bernhoft September 24, 2023 at 02:19 #839910
Reply to Athena

I appreciate the love. That was a nice surprise.
Athena September 26, 2023 at 03:37 #840366
Quoting praxis
Nature is infinitely more cruel than any human could be. :smirk:


The rock that rolls down a mountain and crushes a man is being cruel? Your wording is intellectually stimulating. Old age can be very cruel but that is getting too close to creating an evil being/force don't you think? Nature does not intend to be cruel, but that is a human perception of some physical changes. We may be tempted to appease the gods when we think of nature being cruel. This is really being nit picky but it is also an exploration of how nature became unnatural in our minds.

You're quite wrong about this. Most scientific and technical innovations prior to the scientific revolution were achieved by societies organized by religious traditions. Ancient pagan, Islamic, and Christian scholars pioneered individual elements of the scientific method. Historically, Christianity has been and still is a patron of sciences.


Please give me something from the Bible that demonstrates how this word of God brought us to science.

Religions deliberately use heratics (e.g., "the Bible says there will be people who reject God and they are evil") to shore up group identity by defining what they are not. It is a very effective tactic and that's why it is so widely used. Indeed, it's such an effective tactic that no one can get off it.


That is true however we don't need to prove them right. I say there is a God, it is logos, reason, the controlling force of the universe and it does not have human qualities. As Cicero said, it does not give us what we want when we burn candles and say prayers. Nature does not care- it just is. Now the argument is not about the existence of God. The argument is about the definition of God. I do not make the Christian right by denying there is a god.

I have no idea of what you're talking about here.


A Greek argument is everything has a purpose. Horses run. Birds fly. Humans reason. It is because we reason that is possible to argue until we have a consensus on the best reasoning and can therefore govern ourselves with reason. This is opposed to being ruled by kings or the Church, which maintains power by killing the opposition to their power. The Kingdom of the Bible is not compatible with democracy and I will again say, the Bible is not a book for math and science.

'
I suggest that you seriously consider what the actual purpose of religion is and why it exists. Also, consider if there's a difference between spirituality and religion.


Well, let's see. It seems to me the most common purpose for Christians to be religious is fear! Next in importance is social acceptance and belonging. I remain silent as I care for older people who tell me how great God is. They need their belief as they face death. I have my belief about immortality too. I am not sure we are not reincarnated. I like to be open-minded about that.

For others, religion is about controlling the people. For many, when there were few desirable jobs, entering the church hierarchy was an excellent way to have a good standard of living especially when after the Protestant Reformation allowed preachers to have sex. I don't think the US would elect an atheist for president and for sure the winners use religion to get the votes. The presidents of the US have used Christianity to engage in wars. Billy Graham was behind uniting us against the communists by aligning us with God on our money and pledge of allegiance.

In some communities, Christians have greater control of education than in other communities. Teachers had to go to the Supreme Court to stop Texas from forcing teachers to teach creationism as equal to science. I am sure those Christians mean well and we do need to talk about being human and the agreements we should have. Right now both atheists and Christians are being a huge problem because they are both preventing us from having the discussion we need to have.
Athena September 26, 2023 at 03:48 #840371
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
I appreciate the love. That was a nice surprise.


I am very passionate about education and democracy and I seriously do love it when someone is supportive of education and democracy. That is very rare today. It does require some literacy in Greek and Roman classics and it seems they have been replaced with German philosophers.

:love: In harmony with the subject an atheist but not a materialist, "The pen is stronger than the sword". The US forefathers risked everything for democracy and obviously, life is about more than matter.
praxis September 26, 2023 at 17:36 #840557
Quoting Athena
The way to apply science to superstitious notions is to think in terms of a prime mover, logos, universal laws, and nature.


There isn't a way to apply science to superstitious notions because, if for no other reason, they cannot be measured in any way. Ghosts cannot be measured, for instance. I suppose that neural pathways could be measured and that could prove the existence of such notions, but no one is denying that such notions exist.

Anyway, there's something that bothers me about your idea of God. You seem to basically be saying that God is order (logos) and nature. The thing that doesn't make sense to me is that nature is order AND chaos, so if God is nature then God is both order and chaos. To put it in Nietzschean terms, God is both the Apollonian (similar to logos) and the Dionysian (similar to pathos). If God is only logos then what is pathos? The devil? :naughty:






180 Proof September 26, 2023 at 18:38 #840573
Quoting praxis
... nature is order AND chaos, so if God is nature then God is both order and chaos.

:100: e.g. atoms & void / natura naturata & natura naturans. :fire:
Bret Bernhoft September 27, 2023 at 02:59 #840672
Quoting Athena
The US forefathers risked everything for democracy and obviously, life is about more than matter.


100%. The entirety of what you have said here is important.

If the stories of the US forefathers are true, they lived exceptionally vivid and important lives. If the stories are true, they were masters and practitioners of a sacred science.

If the stories about the US founding fathers (and mothers) are true, then I have only caught fleeting glimpses, despite my best efforts, of what they knew to be true. If the stories are true, those individuals are true Saints.

Truly Blessed, those people and us; regardless. I still hope the stories are true. I truly do.
Athena September 27, 2023 at 16:30 #840801
Reply to praxis I am running out of time and this might not help but logos is universal law. It happens this way because that is how the laws of the universe make it. This can be completely mechanical. Creativity can try new things and if the new thing isn't compatible it becomes extinct. We can call that chaos but we don't have to judge it as a bad thing. However, I am fascinated by the Egyptian and Aztec efforts to use math to understand the order of things and live in harmony with that order.

Ghost events are measured and mediums have been studied but I don't want to get into that. Science isn't knowing everything but is a method for learning about what is. Also, the first step to wisdom is "I don't know". We should never be too sure of what we think we know.
praxis September 27, 2023 at 16:37 #840805
Quoting Athena
I am running out of time and this might not help but logos is universal law. It happens this way because that is how the laws of the universe make it. This can be completely mechanical. Creativity can try new things and if the new thing isn't compatible it becomes extinct. We can call that chaos but we don't have to judge it as a bad thing. However, I am fascinated by the Egyptian and Aztec efforts to use math to understand the order of things and live in harmony with that order.


God is both logos and pathos, or rather, order and chaos then? When you have time.







Athena September 28, 2023 at 13:25 #841037
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
100%. The entirety of what you have said here is important.

If the stories of the US forefathers are true, they lived exceptionally vivid and important lives. If the stories are true, they were masters and practitioners of a sacred science.

If the stories about the US founding fathers (and mothers) are true, then I have only caught fleeting glimpses, despite my best efforts, of what they knew to be true. If the stories are true, those individuals are true Saints.

Truly Blessed, those people and us; regardless. I still hope the stories are true. I truly do.


Not all the stories are true because there was a deliberate attempt to write the American mythology as the Greeks wrote mythology. I do not know about them being practitioners of sacred science but there is a lot of mysticism tied to them. Principally sacred math is an important element of Masonry and I consider my copy of a book about sacred math as one of my most important books. This part of the Masons is responsible for the dome in the Capitol Building having a mural of gods including the Spirit of America which is one of 3 aspects of Athena, goddess of Liberty and Justice, and Defender of those who defend Liberty and Justice. There is also an Egyptian obelisk built in Washington DC. The layout of Washington DC is astrologically aligned.

Quoting Callum McKelvie, Tom Garlinghouse
Freemasonry is a worldwide organization with a long and complex history. Its members have included politicians, engineers, scientists, writers, inventors and philosophers. Many of these members have played prominent roles in world events, such as revolutions, wars and intellectual movements.


They were not saints but they were passionate and some still are today, believing they are very important in the global fight for Liberty and Justice. However, their exclusion of women makes them humans and nothing more.
Athena September 28, 2023 at 13:49 #841044
Quoting praxis
God is both logos and pathos, or rather, order and chaos then? When you have time.


:chin: The pothos is not exactly chaos but can lead to chaos. :heart: Golly gee, it is fun thinking about what you said! Excitingly you speak of the rhetorical triangle.

Logos appeals to the audience's reason, building up logical arguments. Ethos appeals to the speaker's status or authority, making the audience more likely to trust them. Pathos appeals to the emotions, trying to make the audience feel angry or sympathetic, for example.

What are logos, ethos, and pathos? - Scribbr


The following triangle is valuable to our understanding of reality.

In the Vedic tradition, the ancient root of yogic philosophy, the concept of God or Supreme Reality is understood in a three-fold manner. The triple function of God, Trimurti in Sanskrit, is expressed as Brahma the creator, Vishnu the sustainer and Shiva the destroyer. Each energy has a specific task. Let us examine them. https://www.theyogasanctuary.biz/the-vedic-trinity-create-sustain-destroy/


That is different from the trinity of the Christian God, Father. Son, Holy Ghost, something Romans had a terrible time accepting because the concepts and language for accepting the trinity of God was Greek, not Roman. This concept/language problem led to a lot of killing because some saw the trinity as separate gods and the worship of 3 gods was not acceptable!!!
praxis September 28, 2023 at 17:06 #841122
Reply to Athena

Notice how you defer to religious authority. That's being religious. That's not being spiritual.
Athena September 29, 2023 at 18:11 #841451
Quoting praxis
Notice how you defer to religious authority. That's being religious. That's not being spiritual.


Please explain. Which religion do I authorize to be the authority?
Exactly what is spirituality? For me, it is a feeling. What is for you? Is spirituality a feeling?

I think all social animals have a hierarchy. I think it is important to honor our elders. I think it is foolish for the working hands on a ship to mutiny unless they have someone who knows as much as the captain.

How good are you at thinking paradoxically? :wink:

praxis September 29, 2023 at 18:16 #841452
Quoting Athena
How good are you at thinking paradoxically?


The only thinking I’m good at is not thinking.
Bret Bernhoft October 07, 2023 at 16:41 #843578
Quoting flannel jesus
...do you have any links to support these claims?


This is a recent example of what I was referring to regarding the synchronization of heart beats and brainwaves among audience members of the same musical experience.
wonderer1 October 07, 2023 at 16:50 #843580
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
This is a recent example of what I was referring to regarding the synchronization of heart beats and brainwaves among audience members of the same musical experience.


Phase locking is not energy. It is something which occurs in physical processes.

Are you sure it relates to what you were discussing earlier?
Bret Bernhoft October 07, 2023 at 17:28 #843586
Quoting wonderer1
Phase locking is not energy. It is something which occurs in physical processes.


That's not entirely true. Brainwaves are energy, and hearts produce electrical atmospheres that others can detect.
wonderer1 October 07, 2023 at 18:17 #843601
Quoting Bret Bernhoft
That's not entirely true. Brainwaves are energy, and hearts produce electrical atmospheres that others can detect.


Brainwaves are patterns in measured voltage. The voltage is not energy and it is the pattern of voltages that sync to the music.

Phase locking may not happen apart from dissipation of energy, but that is a somewhat different matter.
flannel jesus October 09, 2023 at 08:21 #844091
Reply to Bret Bernhoft Wonderful study.

However, you said prior in the conversation that this couldn't be accounted for in materialism. Why not? Everything involved in this process interacts with each other materially. There's no fundamental reason why the cause of synchronised heart beats couldn't be physical. Sure, there's energy involved, but like, just normal energy that physicists talk about right?
180 Proof October 09, 2023 at 08:34 #844094
wonderer1 October 09, 2023 at 09:35 #844113
Quoting flannel jesus
There's no fundamental reason why the cause of synchronised heart beats couldn't be physical.


A Youtube video presenting various sorts of natural synchronization.
flannel jesus October 09, 2023 at 12:47 #844173
Reply to wonderer1 about half way through but what a beautiful video.

I've seen quite a lot of veritasium, he's great at making all sorts of math and science things more interesting. Brilliant presenter.